特朗普禁止外国人进入美国哈佛大学学习，并将矛头指向哥伦比亚大学

【中美创新时报2025 年 6 月 5 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）白宫采取额外措施加大对精英大学的压力。周三晚些时候，特朗普总统对前往哈佛大学的国际学生实施了严格的限制，并将矛头指向哥伦比亚大学，此举引发了非同寻常的升级。《波士顿环球报》记者迈克·达米亚诺对此作了下述报道。

周三晚些时候，特朗普总统对前往哈佛大学的国际学生实施了 严格的限制，绕过了上周阻止学校取消招收海外学生资格的法院命令。

特朗普援引国家安全权力，对学生签证持有者实施六个月入境禁令，禁止其前往哈佛大学学习。他还表示，国务卿马尔科·卢比奥将逐案审查目前国际学生的状况，以确定是否应吊销他们的签证。

哈佛大学发言人莎拉·肯尼迪-奥莱利表示：“这是校方采取的又一项非法报复措施，违反了哈佛大学的第一修正案赋予的权利。哈佛大学将继续保护其国际学生。”

这项旅行禁令只是特朗普政府周三采取的两项非常措施之一，旨在加大对精英大学的压力 ，迫使它们接受一系列要求，以消除特朗普认为的左翼偏见、对反犹太主义的容忍以及对白人和男性的歧视。

这对哈佛大学来说可能是另一个不祥之兆，特朗普政府早些时候挥舞着新武器，通知哥伦比亚大学的认证机构，常春藤盟校违反了民权法，引发了最终可能导致哥伦比亚大学丧失对其学生的所有联邦财政援助的程序。

认证机构是非营利组织，负责监督高校的财务、学术和政策。高等教育机构需要获得认证机构的批准，才能获得大多数学生获得的联邦财政援助。

尽管认证机构是私营非营利组织，但它们的运营必须得到教育部长的批准，这给了特朗普政府很大的影响力。

在去年的竞选活动中，特朗普称拒绝认证的努力 是他重塑美国大学的“秘密武器”。

对哈佛大学国际学生实施的旅行禁令也是联邦权力的新用法，一些律师认为这是非法的。

哈佛大学法学院法学教授尼古拉斯·鲍伊表示，“除了特朗普政府公开表示要报复哈佛大学坚持其合法权利之外，这项命令没有其他合理的解释。”

5 月底，国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺姆 (Kristi Noem) 取消了哈佛大学参与学生和交流签证计划的资格，该计划是一项联邦计划，允许高校招收或雇用持有教育签证的人员。

哈佛大学就撤销该决定提起诉讼，并获得了临时限制令，该限制令目前仍然有效。但特朗普在周三的禁令中表示，他单方面禁止国际学生入境哈佛大学学习是“出于关键的国家安全原因”。

特朗普在谈到中国​​政府从美国大学窃取科学进步成果的指控时写道：“包括中华人民共和国在内的我们的对手试图利用美国高等教育，将学生签证计划用于不正当目的，并利用访问学生在美国精英大学收集信息。”

卢比奥上周表示，美国将开始吊销美国大学中国学生的签证，包括就读“关键领域”的学生。特朗普周三晚间发布另一份声明，对来自海地以及非洲和中东11个国家的游客实施旅行禁令。

哈佛大学即将升入大三的学生卡尔·莫尔登（Karl Molden）听到这个消息时正在维也纳。他刚刚和朋友们举行了告别派对，直到圣诞节才能再次见面。“这太令人震惊了。我浑身发抖——特朗普越权执法，动用紧急状态权力把我们描绘成国家安全威胁，这简直太疯狂了，”莫尔登说。

在针对哥伦比亚大学的行动中，该校政府告诉认证机构美国中部各州高等教育委员会，该校未能保护犹太学生在校园抗议以色列-哈马斯战争期间免受歧视和骚扰，违反了《民权法案》第六章。

现在，教育部表示，哥伦比亚大学必须采取措施遵守特朗普政府对该法律的解读。 教育部表示，如果哥伦比亚大学不遵守，认证机构必须对哥伦比亚大学采取行动，包括吊销其认证。

教育部长琳达·麦克马洪在周三的新闻稿中表示：“哈马斯于2023年10月7日对以色列发动恐怖袭击后，哥伦比亚大学领导层对校园内犹太学生受到的骚扰故意漠视。” “我们期待委员会向教育部全面通报为确保哥伦比亚大学遵守认证标准（包括遵守联邦民权法）而采取的措施。”

中部各州委员会证实周三收到了政府的一封信，但拒绝进一步置评。

哥伦比亚大学发言人肖恩·萨维特（Sean Savett）表示，学校“注意到美国教育部民权办公室今天向我们的认证机构提出的担忧……哥伦比亚大学坚定地致力于打击校园内的反犹太主义。我们认真对待这个问题，并将继续与联邦政府合作解决。”

政治光谱两边的高等教育领导人都表示，政府的认证威胁非同寻常。

“这是史无前例的，因为它不是在告诉认证机构，‘这是你们应该遵循的新标准’，”哈佛大学前预算主管拉里·拉德说。“而是在说，‘你们应该针对具体的机构采取具体的行动’。”

保守派全国学者协会主席彼得·伍德表示，常春藤盟校失去认证将是“史无前例的”。

“但史无前例并不意味着它不会发生，我们现在知道了。我认为这是一个相当严重的威胁，”他说。

此举也引发了人们对哥伦比亚大学与特朗普政府之间谈判现状的质疑，更广泛地说，也引发了人们对其同意白宫要求的策略或明智性的质疑。今年3月，在特朗普政府冻结了数亿美元的联邦资金后，哥伦比亚大学表示将遵守一系列与学术和纪律程序相关的要求。

今年 4 月，哈佛大学拒绝了特朗普政府更具侵犯性的要求并提起诉讼，这场对峙已持续三个月，其特点是削减数十亿美元的联邦资金，并威胁阻止该校招收国际学生，包括特朗普周三颁布的法令。

麦克马洪周三对记者表示：“我很乐意让哈佛大学回到谈判桌与我们谈判。”

特朗普政府还正在调查其他数十所大学，并削减了六所以上精英学校的资金。

伍德和其他保守派高等教育领袖表示，认证机构是问题的一部分，因为他们认为这些机构致力于多元化、公平和包容等进步理念。特朗普的官员及其盟友表示，他们会拉拢认证机构，以推进他们自己的优先事项。

伍德总体上支持特朗普的高等教育优先事项，他认为认证威胁是一种谈判策略。

他说：“这是第一步，旨在将对方拉到谈判桌前”，或者施加额外压力。他表示，这很可能会“达成某种和解，但不会失去认证，但对政府来说，这是一招妙棋”。

哈佛大学认证协会会长劳伦斯·沙尔 (Lawrence Schall) 表示，哈佛大学校方的声明不合常规，令人担忧。

“我认为这只是对认证流程的误解，对教育部认证相关实际法规的误解，”新英格兰高等教育委员会主席沙尔表示。“认证机构应该是独立的机构。我们不是联邦法律的执行者。”

代表约 1,600 所学院和大学的美国教育委员会主席泰德·米切尔 (Ted Mitchell) 表示，“我相信，认证机构将严肃对待任何违反第六章的行为，就像他们在所有此类案件中所做的那样。”

不过，他补充说，联邦政府必须通过既定的联邦程序来解决所谓的公民权利侵犯问题，而不是通过认证程序。

他说：“这又是政府为了上头条而无视法律的一个例子。”

《波士顿环球报》员工布鲁克·豪瑟 (Brooke Hauser) 和朱莉娅·麦克唐纳·尼托·德尔里奥 (Giulia McDonnell Nieto del Rio) 对本文亦有贡献。

题图：哈佛大学第374届毕业典礼于2025年5月29日在剑桥举行。 图片来源：Craig F. Walker/《环球报》员工

附原英文报道：

In an extraordinary escalation, Trump bars foreign nationals from entering US to study at Harvard and targets Columbia

White House takes additional measures that increase pressure on elite universities

By Mike Damiano Globe Staff,Updated June 4, 2025

Harvard University’s 374th Commencement in Cambridge on May 29, 2025.Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff

President Trump late Wednesday imposed severe restrictions on international students coming to Harvard University, sidestepping a court order last week that had blocked the administration from revoking the school’s ability to enroll students from overseas.

Trump invoked national security powers to impose a six-month block on student visa holders from entering the country to study at Harvard. He also said Secretary of State Marco Rubio would review on a case by case basis the status of current international students to determine whether their visas should be revoked.

“This is yet another illegal retaliatory step taken by the administration in violation of Harvard’s First Amendment rights,” Harvard spokesperson Sarah Kennedy-O’Reilly said. “Harvard will continue to protect its international students.”

The travel ban was just one of two extraordinary steps the Trump administration took Wednesday to ratchet up pressure on elite universities and get them to accede to a series of demands that seek to stamp out what Trump perceives as leftist bias, tolerance of antisemitism, and discrimination against white people and men.

In what could be another ominous development for Harvard, the Trump administration brandished a new weapon earlier when it informed the accrediting agency for Columbia University that the Ivy League school has violated civil rights laws, triggering a process that could ultimately lead to Columbia forfeiting all federal financial aid for its students.

Accrediting agencies are nonprofits that monitor the finances, academics, and policies of colleges and universities. Higher education institutions need their stamp of approval to be eligible for the federal financial aid most students receive.

And although the accrediting agencies are private nonprofits, they operate only with the blessing of the secretary of education, which gives the Trump administration significant leverage.

On the campaign trail last year, Trump called the effort to deny accreditation a “secret weapon” he would use to reshape American universities.

The travel ban imposed on Harvard’s international students is also a novel use of federal power that some lawyers say is illegal.

Nikolas Bowie, professor of law at Harvard Law School, said, “There is no plausible explanation for this order other than the Trump administration’s outspoken desire to retaliate against Harvard for standing on its legal rights.”

In late May, Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem revoked Harvard’s ability to participate in the Student and Exchange Visa Program, the federal program that enables colleges and universities to enroll or hire people with education visas.

Harvard challenged the revocation in court and won a temporary restraining order, which is currently in force. But in his order Wednesday, Trump said he was unilaterally barring international students from entering the country to study at at Harvard “for crucial national-security reasons.”

“Our adversaries, including the People’s Republic of China, try to take advantage of American higher education by exploiting the student visa program for improper purposes and by using visiting students to collect information at elite universities in the United States,” Trump wrote, referring to allegations the Chinese government poaches scientific advancements from American universities.

Rubio said last week that the United States would begin revoking the visas of Chinese students at American universities, including those studying in “critical fields.” In a separate proclamation Wednesday night, Trump implemented a travel ban on visitors from Haiti and 11 countries in Africa and the Middle East.

Karl Molden, a rising junior at Harvard, was in Vienna when he heard the news. He’d just had a farewell party with friends he won’t be seeing again until Christmas. “It’s shocking. I was trembling — it’s just crazy to me that Trump is committing an executive overreach and using an emergency power to portray us as a national security threat,” Molden said.

In its action against Columbia, the administration told the accrediting agency, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, that the school violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act by failing to protect Jewish students from discrimination and harassment during campus protests over the Israel-Hamas war.

Now, the department says Columbia must take steps to be in compliance with the Trump administration’s interpretation of the law. If it doesn’t, the accreditor must take action against Columbia, the department said, which could include stripping its accreditation.

“After Hamas’ October 7, 2023, terror attack on Israel, Columbia University’s leadership acted with deliberate indifference towards the harassment of Jewish students on its campus,” Education Secretary Linda McMahon said in a press release Wednesday. “We look forward to the Commission keeping the Department fully informed of actions taken to ensure Columbia’s compliance with accreditation standards including compliance with federal civil rights laws.”

The Middle States Commission confirmed it received a letter Wednesday from the administration, but declined to comment further.

A Columbia spokesperson, Sean Savett, said the university is “aware of the concerns raised by the US Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights today to our accreditor. . . . Columbia is deeply committed to combatting antisemitism on our campus. We take this issue seriously and are continuing to work with the federal government to address it.”

Higher education leaders on both sides of the political spectrum said the administration’s accreditation threat was extraordinary.

“It’s unprecedented because it’s not telling accreditors, ‘Here’s a new standard you should follow,’ ” said Larry Ladd, a former budget chief at Harvard. “It’s saying, ‘You should take specific action against a specific institution.’ ”

Peter Wood, president of the conservative National Association of Scholars, said it would be “wholly unprecedented” for an Ivy League university to lose its accreditation.

“But unprecedented doesn’t mean it can’t happen, we now know. I think it’s out there as a pretty serious threat,” he said.

The action also raised questions about the status of negotiations between Columbia and the Trump administration, and more broadly, about the strategy or wisdom of agreeing to the White House’s demands. In March, after the Trump administration froze hundreds of millions of dollars in federal funding, Columbia said it would comply with a list of demands related to academics and disciplinary procedures.

In April, Harvard rejected an even more intrusive set of demands from the Trump administration and sued, setting up a confrontation that is now in its third month and has featured billions in cuts to its federal funding and threats to block the school’s enrollment of international students, including Trump’s Wednesday decree.

On Wednesday, McMahon told reporters, “I’d love to have Harvard come back to the table to negotiate with us.”

The Trump administration is also investigating dozens of other universities and has cut funding at more than half a dozen elite schools.

Wood and other conservative higher education leaders say accreditors are part of the problem due to what they characterize as the agencies’ commitment to progressive ideals, such as diversity, equity, and inclusion. Trump officials and allies have said they would co-opt accreditors to advance their own priorities.

Wood, who is generally supportive of Trump’s higher education priorities, viewed the accreditation threat as a negotiating tactic.

“This is an opening move meant to bring the other side to the negotiating table,” or apply additional pressure, he said. It’s likely to result in “some kind of settlement short of losing accreditation, but it’s a good chess move on the part of the administration,” he said.

Lawrence Schall, the head of the association that accredits Harvard, said the administration’s announcement was irregular and concerning.

“I think this just shows a misunderstanding of the accreditation process, a misunderstanding of the actual Department of Education regulations that pertain to accreditation,” said Schall, president of the New England Commission of Higher Education. “Accrediting agencies are meant to be independent agencies. We’re not the enforcer of federal law.”

Ted Mitchell, president of the American Council on Education, which represents around 1,600 colleges and universities, said, “The accreditors will, I’m sure, treat any violations of Title VI seriously, as they do in all such cases.”

However, he added, the federal government is required to resolve alleged civil rights violations through established federal procedures, not through the accreditation process.

“This is another case of the administration running ahead of the law for the sake of the headlines,” he said.

Brooke Hauser and Giulia McDonnell Nieto del Rio of the Globe staff contributed to this story.