今年夏天要出国旅行吗？特朗普时代跨境旅行须知
【中美创新时报2025 年 6 月 3 日编译讯】今年夏天，许多人计划出国旅行，但随着特朗普政府的政策和言论不断重塑美国人的看法，有些人可能会对出国感到担忧。海关人员可以要求阅读您手机上的电子邮件和其他内容吗？《波士顿环球报》记者肖恩·P·墨菲对此作了下述报道。
今年夏天，许多人计划出国旅行，但随着特朗普政府的政策和言论不断重塑美国人的看法，有些人可能会对出国感到担忧。
或许更重要的是，一些旅客可能会想知道，当他们回国后，在洛根机场或其他机场遇到美国海关和边境保护局的人员时，会发生什么——无论他们是否是美国公民。例如，海关人员是否有权扣押并搜查你的手机？（简而言之：是的。）
反对搜查电子设备的美国公民可能会在边境面临数小时的延误，甚至被扣押设备，但公民通常不会被拒绝进入美国。
对于非公民来说，这一过程更加复杂，据报道，许多旅行者遭到拒绝、拘留或被遣返回原籍国，而没有明确的解释。
对新英格兰人来说，最受欢迎的海外目的地是加拿大。但特朗普政府的关税政策以及吞并加拿大的言论，已导致美国与这个北方邻国兼长期盟友的关系紧张。
受特朗普关税和“第 51 个州”言论影响，加拿大人前往新罕布什尔州的游客数量大幅下降
如果您今年夏天要出国旅行，请注意以下几点。
去加拿大旅游的美国游客减少了吗？
是的，根据加拿大统计局的数据， 4月份从美国进入加拿大的机动车数量与去年同期相比下降了10%以上，这是连续第三个月下降。同月乘飞机前往加拿大的美国人数量也减少了5.5%。
加拿大人欢迎美国游客吗？
谨慎的美国游客或许觉得最好把“让美国再次伟大”的帽子摘下来，不要再评论关于美国第51个州的事情了。但是，加拿大人似乎 一如既往地热情好客。一则新的加拿大旅游视频广告直接面向美国人：“在全球旅行充满不确定性、国际关系错综复杂的当下……我们想念你们。快来加拿大拥抱你们吧。”
美国人进入加拿大有什么新的要求吗？
不，它没有变化，而且非常简单。对于美国游客来说，无需签证。（签证通常是印章、贴纸或单独的文件，放在您的护照上，授权您因旅游、工作或学习而入境并临时停留在一个国家。）
是否需要身份证明？
是的，加拿大法律要求提供身份和公民身份证明。护照或护照卡即可满足上述要求。出生证明、入籍证明或公民身份证明，以及政府签发的带照片的身份证件也可以使用。
当我进入计划访问的国家时，我是否应该接受额外的检查？
美国国务院表示，国际恐怖主义仍然是全球面临的严重威胁。美国国务院提供各国旅行警告，并通过“智能旅行者”实时电子方式更新安全及其他事项。
美国和许多其他国家都加强了边境安保，包括对旅客进行更广泛的检查和盘问。每个国家都有权决定哪些人可以入境，边境官员在决定时拥有很大的自由裁量权。您应该保持冷静、积极配合、做好准备，并准确回答问题。
回国的时候，海关人员可以搜查我的手机吗？
长期以来，海关人员一直拥有合法权力，无需搜查令或任何合理的怀疑依据即可搜查您及您的物品。美国海关及边境保护局 (CBP) 表示，其目的是协助打击恐怖主义、儿童色情、毒品走私、人口走私和其他非法活动。
因此，海关人员有权搜查你的手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、相机和其他电子设备。这意味着海关人员可能会浏览你的短信、照片、电子邮件、应用程序、文件和社交媒体账户。美国公民自由联盟表示，政府搜查电子设备的权利“是一个有争议的法律问题”，但美国海关及边境保护局表示，这项权利有坚实的法律依据，并得到了最高法院的支持。
如果需要，我是否必须解锁我的手机并提供我的笔记本电脑密码？
如果您拒绝合作，美国公民和合法永久居民（绿卡持有者）将无法合法地被阻止再次入境美国。但您无疑将面临延误，最终您的电子设备可能会被扣押以进行后续检查（如果美国海关和边境保护局扣押您的设备，请务必索取收据）。签证持有者和来自免签国家的游客如果拒绝打开手机，则面临被拒绝入境的风险。
这样的搜索常见吗？
美国海关及边境保卫局表示，其官员“极少数情况下”会搜查旅客的手机或其他设备。美国海关及边境保卫局表示，在2024财年，在超过4.2亿旅客中，仅搜查了47,047名国际旅客的电子设备（不到0.01%）。
美国海关和边境保护局的初步统计数据显示，自特朗普政府执政以来，电子设备搜查次数并没有明显增加。
应如何进行搜索？
具体流程尚未明确，但美国海关及边境保卫局在其网站上承诺将以“礼貌、尊严和尊重”的态度对待旅客，并会安排主管人员听取旅客的意见（如有需要）。海关及边境保卫局还承诺，如果因盘问而导致延误，将提供“合理的协助”。
美国海关及边境保护局表示，如果您在边境有任何疑问，请要求与“值班专业服务经理”联系。这些经理在部分国际机场全职为旅客提供服务。
我有权与律师交谈吗？
您聘请律师的权利取决于您面临的讯问级别：如果您面临长时间的讯问，您可能有权聘请律师（您可以索取免费法律服务提供商的名单及其电话号码）。如果您被拘留，您显然有权与律师交谈。但如果您面临初步讯问，您则无权聘请律师。
我可以联系家人吗？
如果您被拘留或受到长时间审问，您有权联系家人。
在美国留学的外国学生可以出国旅行吗？
美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥宣布特朗普政府将“积极”取消中国在美留学生的签证，这使得近30万在美中国留学生的未来变得极不确定。
那么进入其他国家的搜索又如何呢？
旅行前请查看目的地的当地法律。
关于护照的六个月规定是什么？
如果您的护照在旅行日期前六个月内过期，许多国家、航空公司和边境管制机构将不允许入境或登机。但加拿大不在此列。加拿大通常只要求护照在您计划访问期间保持有效。但请务必在线查询您要前往的国家是否适用六个月有效期的规定。
什么是 ETA？我需要它才能前往加拿大吗？
电子旅行授权 (ETA) 是签证的电子替代品。它以电子方式与您的护照关联，有效期最长为五年或直至您的护照到期。您可以凭此卡乘飞机入境加拿大。前往加拿大的美国公民无需申请 ETA。（加拿大有充分的理由放宽政策：美国游客在加拿大旅游业占据主导地位，每年消费数十亿美元。）
那么其他国家呢？
前往英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰（即英国）、澳大利亚和新西兰的某些特定游客需要获得电子旅行证 (ETA)。从明年开始，部分欧洲国家/地区将要求来自特定国家的游客使用欧洲旅行信息和授权系统 (ETIAS)。
我如何获得预计到达时间 (ETA)？
上网搜索详细信息，确保你了解最新的ETA信息。不过，请注意，不要以为在谷歌搜索后就进入了你计划访问的国家的官方网站。我的一位环球邮报同事最近以为他进入的是英国政府官方网站，但实际上这是一个商业网站，虽然他获得了合法的ETA，但却被多收了约70美元。
题图：特朗普政府的关税政策以及吞并加拿大的言论，导致美国与我们的北方邻国兼长期盟友加拿大的关系紧张。科尔·伯斯顿/盖蒂图片社
附原英文报道：
Traveling internationally this summer? Here’s what to know about crossing borders in the Trump era.
Can customs agents demand to read your email and other content on your phone?
By Sean P. Murphy Globe Staff,Updated June 3, 2025
Trump administration tariff policies and talk about annexation of Canada have strained ties between the US and our northern neighbor and longtime ally.Cole Burston/Getty
Many people have plans to travel internationally this summer, but some may feel apprehensive about going abroad when the perception of Americans continues to be reshaped by Trump administration policies and rhetoric.
Perhaps more crucially, some travelers may wonder what to expect when they return home and encounter US Customs and Border Protection agents at Logan or other airports —whether they are US citizens or not. For example, do customs agents have the right to seize your phone and search it? (Short answer: yes.)
US citizens who object to the search of an electronic device may face hours of delays and even seizure of a device at the border, but citizens generally cannot be denied entry into the US.
For non-citizens, the process is more fraught, with numerous reports of travelers being subject to denial, detention, or return to their point of origin, without clear explanation.
For New Englanders, the most popular foreign destination is Canada. But Trump administration tariff policies and talk about annexation of Canada have strained the ties between the US and our northern neighbor and longtime ally.
Canadian visits to N.H. have plummeted amid Trump’s tariffs and ‘51st state’ talk
If you are traveling abroad this summer, here are some things to know.
Are fewer American tourists traveling to Canada?
Yes, the number of motor vehicles entering Canada from the US in April dropped by more than 10 percent compared to last year, the third consecutive month of declines, according to Statistics Canada. And the number of Americans who traveled by air to Canada in the same month decreased by 5.5 percent.
Are Canadians welcoming of American tourists?
Discreet American tourists may feel it best to leave behind their MAGA hats and skip comments about a 51st state. But, yes, Canadians seem as welcoming as ever. One new Canadian tourism video ad speaks directly to Americans: “At a time when global travel feels uncertain and international relations seem complicated … We miss you. Come hug it out” in Canada.
Are there new requirements for Americans entering Canada?
No, it’s unchanged and pretty simple. For American tourists, there’s no need for a visa. (A visa is typically a stamp, sticker, or separate document placed in your passport that authorizes you to enter and stay temporarily in a country for tourism, work, or study.)
Is proof of identification required?
Yes, Canadian law requires proof of identity and citizenship. A passport or passport card satisfies both. But a birth certificate, naturalization certificate or certificate of citizenship, plus a government-issued photo ID, can also be used.
Should I expect extra scrutiny entering the countries I plan to visit?
International terrorism remains a serious global threat, according to the US State Department, which provides country-by-country travel advisories and “Smart Traveler” real-time electronic updates on safety and security and other matters.
The US and many other countries have increased security at borders, including more extensive checks and questioning of travelers. Every country decides who can enter through its borders, and border agents have significant discretion in making determinations. You should be calm, cooperative, and prepared, and provide accurate answers to questions.
When returning home, can customs agents demand and search my phone?
Customs agents have long had the legal authority to search you and your belongings without a warrant or any reasonable basis for being suspicious. CBP says its intent is to help combat terrorism, child pornography, drug smuggling, human smuggling, and other illegal activities.
Thus, agents are allowed to search your phone, laptop, tablet, camera, and other electronic devices. And that means agents could be scrolling through your text messages, photos, emails, apps, files, and social media accounts. The American Civil Liberties Union says the government’s right to search electronic devices “is a contested legal issue,” but CBP says it is on solid legal ground, with Supreme Court backing.
Do I have to unlock my phone and provide my laptop passwords if requested?
If you refuse to cooperate, US citizens and lawful permanent residents (green card holders) cannot legally be stopped from re-entering the US. But you undoubtedly will face delay and ultimately your electronic devices may be seized for continuing inspection (make sure to get a receipt if CBP takes your device). Visa holders and tourists from visa-waiver countries who decline to open their phones are at risk of being denied entry.
Are such searches common?
The CBP says “on rare occasions” its officers search a traveler’s phone or other device. In fiscal year 2024, out of the over 420 million travelers, CBP says it searched the electronic devices of only 47,047 international travelers (less than 0.01 percent).
Preliminary CBP statistics show there has been no appreciable uptick in searches of electronic devices since the beginning of the current Trump administration.
How should the search be conducted?
The exact process is not spelled out, but the CBP on its website pledges to treat travelers with “courtesy, dignity, and respect,” and to have a supervisor listen to your comments, if requested. It also pledges to provide “reasonable assistance” if a delay results from its questioning.
CBP says that if you have a concern at the border, ask to speak with the “professionalism service manager on duty.” The managers are available to travelers on a full-time basis at selected international airports.
Do I have the right to speak with an attorney?
Your right to an attorney depends on the level of questioning you face: If you are subjected to prolonged questioning you may have the right to an attorney (you may ask for a list of free legal service providers along with their phone numbers). And if you are detained you clearly have the right to speak with an attorney. But you don’t have that right for preliminary questioning.
Can I contact a family member?
You have the right to contact a family member if you are detained or subjected to prolonged questioning.
Are foreign students studying in the US able to travel internationally?
The future of almost 300,000 Chinese nationals studying in the US is extremely uncertain in the wake of Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s announcement that the Trump administration would begin “aggressively” revoking visas for Chinese students studying in the US.
What about searches entering other countries?
Check the local laws of your destination before you travel.
What is the six-month rule regarding passports?
Many countries, airlines, and border control agencies will not allow entry or boarding if your passport expires within six months of your travel dates. But Canada is not one of them. It generally requires only that passports be valid for the duration of your intended visit. But be sure to check online whether the six-month rule applies where you want to go.
What is an ETA and do I need one to travel to Canada?
An Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) is an electronic substitute for a visa. It’s electronically linked to your passport and valid for up to five years or until your passport expires. It allows you to enter the country by air. US citizens traveling to Canada are exempt from the ETA requirement. (Canada has good reason to be accommodating: American visitors dominate the tourism industry in Canada, annually spending many billions of dollars.)
What about other countries?
An ETA is required for certain visitors to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland (a.k.a. the United Kingdom); Australia; and New Zealand. Beginning next year, some European countries require an ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) for visitors from certain countries.
How do I get an ETA?
Search online for the details to make sure you are up to date on ETAs. But, mind you, don’t assume you are on the official site of the country you plan to visit after doing a Google search. A Globe colleague recently thought he was on the official UK government site but instead it was a commercial look-alike, and while he got a legitimate ETA, he was overcharged by about $70.
