普京提出停火提议，并对乌克兰领土提出全面要求
【中美创新时报2024 年 6 月 15 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）总统弗拉基米尔·普京周五表示，如果乌克兰从莫斯科声称拥有的四个地区撤军并放弃加入北约的愿望，俄罗斯将准备下令在乌克兰停火并与乌克兰政府进行谈判。《纽约时报》伊万·内切普连科（Ivan Nechepurenko）和保罗·索恩（Paul Sonne）对此作了下述报道。
乌克兰外交部迅速谴责普京的声明，称他的目标是“误导国际社会，破坏旨在实现公正和平的外交努力，并分裂世界在《联合国宪章》目标和原则上的团结。”
普京的最新声明规定，乌克兰必须将其目前控制的大片土地移交给莫斯科，包括赫尔松和扎波罗热地区的首府。这是普京迄今为止为停止战争而提出的最具体的领土条件。
到目前为止，普京一直表示，任何谈判都应考虑到“当今的现实”，一些分析人士将这一立场解读为在当前战线上提供停火。
乌克兰表示，俄罗斯必须从乌克兰所有国际公认的领土上撤军。
普京是在瑞士阿尔卑斯山和平会议前一天发表上述言论的，乌克兰组织这次会议是为了说服各国签署其战争和最终和平计划。俄罗斯没有被邀请参加峰会，普京的声明似乎意在会议之前发表。
乌克兰周六开始在瑞士进行外交努力，表明他“害怕真正的和平”。
乌克兰外交部表示：“乌克兰从未希望这场战争爆发，但比世界上任何人都更希望这场战争结束。”
俄罗斯军队在战场上取得了逐步进展，乌克兰军队遭受了士兵、弹药和防空系统的短缺，以及西方军事援助的延迟。普京对俄罗斯在战争中的地位表现出了新的信心，更频繁地谈论冲突，并吹捧莫斯科的人员储备和经济韧性。
普京的声明似乎在向乌克兰、西方以及亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的不结盟国家（后来被称为全球南方）传递信息。俄罗斯和西方一直在争夺同情，越来越多的人呼吁双方都无法在乌克兰取得全面胜利。
普京在莫斯科与高级外交官会面时表示，俄罗斯的要求“非常简单”。他说，乌克兰必须从整个顿涅茨克、赫尔松、卢甘斯克和扎波罗热地区撤军，尽管俄罗斯并未控制所有领土，但他于 2022 年 9 月正式宣布这些地区为俄罗斯的一部分。乌克兰军队控制着赫尔松和扎波罗热地区的两个主要城市。
普京还表示，乌克兰必须放弃加入北约的计划，西方必须解除对俄罗斯的所有制裁。他说，在这些条件下，俄罗斯将“立即下令停火并开始谈判”。
普京经常表示愿意参加谈判，试图将自己塑造成一个愿意的和平缔造者，同时提出他知道乌克兰及其西方支持者不会接受的极端条件。
英国前驻白俄罗斯大使、现任国际战略研究所高级研究员的奈杰尔·古尔德-戴维斯 (Nigel Gould-Davies) 表示，普京可能还希望某些西方官员及其选民能够以他愿意谈判为理由，终止对乌克兰的支持或迫使乌克兰做出让步。这些选民对这场已持续三年的战争心生厌倦。
“这改变了政治心理，普京知道这一点，”古尔德-戴维斯说。“普京提出的条件是不可接受的，没有证据表明他会接受这些条件作为长期结果。他的目标没有改变。”
这位俄罗斯领导人经常质疑乌克兰在其当前边界内作为一个独立国家的存在，并以对历史的虚假解释对其大部分领土提出广泛主张。
他没有收回这种言论，这导致人们怀疑，从长远来看，他是否会停留在他周五提到的四个地区。例如，他宣布敖德萨是乌克兰控制的港口城市，位于上述四个地区之外，是俄罗斯的城市。
普京在周五的评论中表示，俄罗斯提出的提议并不是在谈论“冻结冲突，而是最终解决冲突”。
“今天，我们又提出了一项具体的、真正的和平建议，”这位俄罗斯领导人说。“我们的原则立场是，乌克兰的地位必须是中立、不结盟、无核武器，”他说。
谈到即将在瑞士举行的和平会议，普京表示，没有俄罗斯，“就不可能就乌克兰问题以及整个欧洲安全问题达成和平解决方案。”
中国和巴西支持他的这一观点，强调没有一方参与的和平谈判是徒劳的。
上个月，与俄罗斯保持友好关系的中国和巴西提出了一项联合提案，启动包括乌克兰和俄罗斯在内的和平谈判。中国和巴西都没有派高级代表团参加瑞士会议。
本文最初发表于《纽约时报》。
题图：乌克兰总统泽连斯基（中）周五抵达苏黎世机场，参加在瑞士阿尔卑斯山举行的和平会议，乌克兰组织该会议的目的是说服各国签署其与俄罗斯开战并最终实现和平的计划。MICHAEL BUHOLZER/KEYSTONE VIA AP
附原英文报道：
Putin makes cease-fire offer with sweeping demands on Ukraine’s territory
By Ivan Nechepurenko and Paul Sonne New York Times,Updated June 14, 2024
Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky (center) arrived at Zurich airport Friday for a peace conference in the Swiss Alps that Ukraine has organized to persuade countries to sign onto its plans for its war with Russia and eventual peace.MICHAEL BUHOLZER/KEYSTONE VIA AP
President Vladimir Putin said Friday that Russia would be ready to order a cease-fire in Ukraine and enter negotiations with its government if Ukraine were to withdraw troops from the four regions that Moscow has claimed as its own and drop its aspirations to join NATO.
Ukraine’s Foreign Ministry quickly denounced Putin’s statement, saying his goal was “to mislead the international community, undermine diplomatic efforts aimed at achieving a just peace, and split the unity of the world over the goals and principles of the United Nations Charter.”
Putin’s new announcement stipulates that Ukraine effectively surrender huge swaths of land it now controls to Moscow, including the capitals of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions. It represents Putin’s most concrete set of territorial conditions to stop the war to date.
Until now, Putin has said that any negotiations should take into account “the realities of today,” a stance that some analysts interpreted as offering a cease-fire at the current battle lines.
Ukraine has said that Russia must withdraw its troops from all of Ukraine’s internationally recognized territory.
Putin made the remarks one day before a peace conference in the Swiss Alps that Ukraine has organized to persuade countries to sign onto its plans for the war and eventual peace. Russia was not invited to the summit, and Putin’s announcement appeared intended to get out ahead of the gathering.
Ukraine’s diplomatic effort in Switzerland that begins Saturday, and showed that he is “afraid of a real peace.”
“Ukraine have never wanted this war but more than anyone in the world wants it to be over,” the ministry said.
Russian forces have been making incremental advances on the battlefield, where Ukrainian troops have suffered from shortages of soldiers, ammunition, and air defenses, as well as delays in Western military aid. And Putin has projected renewed confidence about Russia’s position in the war, talking about the conflict more regularly and touting Moscow’s reserves of personnel and economic resilience.
With his announcement, Putin seemed to be sending a message to Ukraine, the West, and also nonaligned states in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that have come to be called the Global South. Russia and the West have been competing for their sympathies amid increasing calls that neither side can achieve a full victory in Ukraine.
Speaking at a meeting with his top diplomats in Moscow, Putin described Russia’s demands as “very simple.” He said that Ukraine must withdraw its troops from its entire Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia regions, which he officially claimed as part of Russia in September 2022, even though Russia does not control all of the territory. Ukrainian forces control the two major cities in the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions.
Putin also said that Ukraine must abandon its plans to join NATO and that the West must lift all sanctions imposed on Russia. Under those conditions, he said, Russia would “immediately issue an order to cease fire and start negotiations.”
By regularly stating his willingness to enter talks, Putin has tried to cast himself as a willing peacemaker, while at the same time setting out maximalist conditions that he knows Ukraine and its Western backers will not accept.
He also may be hoping that certain Western officials and their constituents, who are weary of a war that is now in its third year, could cite his willingness to negotiate as a reason to end support for Ukraine or pressure it into making concessions, said Nigel Gould-Davies, Britain’s former ambassador to Belarus, who is now a senior fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
“It changes the political psychology, and Putin knows this,” Gould-Davies said. “The conditions Putin is articulating are unacceptable, and there is no evidence he would accept them as a long-term outcome. His objectives remain unchanged.”
The Russian leader has regularly called into question Ukraine’s existence as an independent nation in its current borders, laying broad claims to much of its territory with spurious interpretations of history.
He has not backed off that rhetoric, leading to doubts about whether, over the long term, he would stop at the four regions he cited Friday. He has, for example, proclaimed Odesa, a Ukrainian-controlled port city outside those four regions, a Russian city.
In his comments on Friday, Putin said that with its offer, Russia was not talking about “freezing the conflict, but its final resolution.”
“Today we are making another concrete, real peace proposal,” the Russian leader said. “Our principled position is that Ukraine’s status must be a neutral, nonaligned, free of nuclear weapons,” he said.
Speaking about the upcoming peace conference in Switzerland, Putin said that without Russia “it would be impossible to reach a peaceful solution on Ukraine and overall on global European security.”
He has been backed in that view by China and Brazil, which have underscored the futility of peace talks without one side at the table.
Last month, China and Brazil, which both have retained friendly relations with Russia, presented a joint proposal to start peace negotiations that would include both Ukraine and Russia. Neither China nor Brazil is sending a high-level delegation to the Switzerland conference.
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
