美国国税局同意与移民与海关执法局 (ICE) 分享移民的税务信息
【中美创新时报2025 年 4 月 9 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）根据法庭记录，美国国税局已同意帮助国土安全部官员寻找他们试图驱逐出境的移民，并承诺共享信息，这将从根本上改变税务机关使用其严格监管的记录的方式。《纽约时报》记者安德鲁·杜伦对此作了下述报道。
特朗普政府在一份法庭文件中表示，美国国税局与移民和海关执法局（ICE）已于周一达成协议，但两家机构尚未共享任何信息。根据该协议的条款（该协议的删节版已提交至本案），ICE官员可以向国税局索取已被勒令离开美国或正在接受调查人员的信息。
联邦法律严格控制纳税人信息，保护家庭住址、收入和其他数据不被泄露，甚至不向政府内部其他机构披露。美国国税局官员数周来一直警告称，特朗普政府利用国税局协助驱逐出境的计划可能违法。随着协议达成，国税局首席律师被降职，由特朗普总统的前提名人选接任。
禁止共享税务信息的规定有少数例外，该协议表明特朗普政府将依赖一项例外规定，允许在刑事调查中使用纳税人信息。移民倡导团体已提起诉讼，试图阻止任何信息共享，特朗普政府在回应该诉讼时披露了该协议。
数百万缺乏永久合法身份的工人纳税，改善了社会保障等联邦项目的财务前景。美国国税局鼓励他们使用一个九位数的代码（称为个人纳税人识别号）提交纳税申报表。移民活动人士和税务律师表示，他们长期以来一直相信美国国税局会保护移民税务信息的机密性，这些信息包括他们的居住地、工作地点以及家庭详细信息。
经济学家表示，国税局的做法改变可能会导致更多移民停止报税并寻求暗中工作。
题图：2月23日，美国国税局大楼。国土安全部官员正试图利用税务机构的数据，寻找数百万涉嫌非法入境的人员。—— 《华盛顿邮报》
附原英文报道：
IRS agrees to share migrants’ tax information with ICE
By Andrew Duehren New York Times,Updated April 8, 2025, 1:10 p.m.
The Internal Revenue Service building on Feb. 23. Homeland Security officials are seeking to use the tax agency’s data to find millions of people suspected of being in the country illegally.-/For The Washington Post
WASHINGTON — The IRS has agreed to help homeland security officials find immigrants they are trying to deport, according to court records, committing to sharing information in what would be a fundamental change in how the tax collector uses its tightly regulated records.
In a court filing, the Trump administration said that the IRS and Immigration and Customs Enforcement had reached the agreement Monday and that the two agencies had not yet shared any information. Under the terms of the deal, a redacted version of which was submitted in the case, ICE officials can ask the IRS for information about people who have been ordered to leave the United States — or whom they are otherwise investigating.
Federal law tightly controls taxpayer information, protecting home addresses, earnings and other data from disclosure even to other agencies within the government. IRS officials have for weeks warned that the Trump administration’s plan to use the IRS to help with deportations could be illegal. The top IRS lawyer was demoted as the agreement came together and was replaced by a former nominee of President Trump.
“It’s unprecedented,” Nina Olson, the executive director of the Center for Taxpayer Rights and a former top IRS official, said of the Trump administration’s plan.
There are narrow exceptions to the prohibition on sharing tax information, and the agreement shows that the Trump administration will rely on a carve-out allowing the use of taxpayer information in criminal investigations. Immigration advocacy groups have sued to try to block any information sharing, and the Trump administration disclosed the agreement in response to that suit.
Millions of workers lacking permanent legal status pay taxes, improving the financial outlook for federal programs such as Social Security. The IRS has encouraged them to submit tax returns using a nine-digit code called an individual taxpayer identification number. Immigration activists and tax lawyers said they had long trusted that the IRS would protect the confidentiality of migrants’ tax information, which includes where people live and work, and details about their families.
The change in approach from the IRS could drive more immigrants to stop filing their taxes and seek under-the-table jobs, economists said.
