特朗普承诺的关税“解放日”即将到来。这对你来说意味着什么？
【中美创新时报2025 年 3 月 31 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）总统唐纳德·特朗普表示，周三将是“解放日”——他计划在这一天推出一系列关税，并承诺将使美国摆脱对外国商品的依赖。美联社记者乔什·博克对此作了下述报道。
总统唐纳德·特朗普表示，周三将是“解放日”——他计划在这一天推出一系列关税，并承诺将使美国摆脱对外国商品的依赖。
特朗普下一轮进口税的细节仍不明朗。大多数经济分析人士认为，美国普通家庭将不得不以物价上涨和收入下降的形式承担关税成本。但特朗普毫不气馁，邀请首席执行官到白宫，表示他们正在投资数千亿美元用于新项目，以避免进口税。
如果特朗普认为征收关税后能够达成协议，那么这些关税也可能只是短暂的。
特朗普告诉记者：“如果我们能做点什么，我当然愿意接受。”“我们会得到回报。”
关税是什么以及它是如何运作的
这关系到家庭预算、美国作为世界领先金融强国的突出地位以及全球经济结构。
以下是您应该了解的即将实施的贸易制裁的相关内容：
他希望宣布征收进口税，包括“互惠”关税，这些关税将与其他国家征收的税率相匹配，并考虑到其他补贴。特朗普曾谈到对欧盟、韩国、巴西和印度等国家征税。
上周，他宣布对汽车征收25%的关税，并声称美国遭受了欺骗，因为其进口商品多于出口商品。
“这是美国解放日的开始，”特朗普说。“我们将指控那些在我们国家做生意、夺走我们的工作、夺走我们的财富、夺走他们多年来一直在夺走的很多东西的国家。他们从我们国家夺走了太多东西，无论是朋友还是敌人。坦率地说，朋友往往比敌人更糟糕。”
特朗普周六在接受 NBC 新闻采访时表示，关税是否导致汽车价格上涨并不困扰他，因为含有更多美国零部件的汽车价格可能会更有竞争力。
“我希望他们提高价格，因为如果他们提高价格，人们就会购买美国制造的汽车，”特朗普说。“我一点也不在乎，因为如果外国汽车的价格上涨，人们就会购买美国汽车。”
特朗普还表示，他将灵活处理关税问题，称他将对其他国家比他们对美国更好。但他仍对进口产品征收大量其他税款。
这位共和党总统计划对进口药品、铜和木材征税。他提出对任何从委内瑞拉进口石油的国家征收 25% 的关税，尽管美国也这样做。由于中国在芬太尼生产中发挥的作用，从中国进口的商品被额外征收 20% 的税。特朗普以阻止毒品走私和非法移民为由对来自加拿大和墨西哥的商品征收了单独的关税。特朗普还将 2018 年钢铁和铝关税扩大到所有进口商品的 25%。
一些助手认为关税是贸易和边境安全谈判的工具；其他人则表示，这些收入将有助于减少联邦预算赤字。商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克 (Howard Lutnick) 表示，他们将迫使其他国家向特朗普表示“尊重”。
关税会对美国经济造成什么影响？
大多数经济学家认为，这没什么好处。他们说，关税将以汽车、食品、住房和其他商品价格上涨的形式转嫁给消费者。企业利润可能会下降，增长可能会更加缓慢。特朗普坚持认为，更多的公司将开设工厂来避税，尽管这个过程可能需要三年或更长时间。
经济学家阿特·拉弗 (Art Laffer) 估计，如果全面实施汽车关税，每辆车的成本可能会增加 4,711 美元，不过他表示，他认为特朗普是一位聪明且精明的谈判者。投资银行高盛 (Goldman Sachs) 估计，本季度经济年增长率仅为 0.6%，低于去年年底的 2.4%。
俄亥俄州哥伦布市市长安德鲁·金瑟周五表示，关税可能导致住房平均价格上涨 21,000 美元，由于建筑材料成本上升，住房负担能力将面临更大障碍。
白宫贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗在《福克斯周日新闻》节目中表示，汽车关税每年将带来 1000 亿美元的收入，其他关税每年将带来约 6 亿美元的收入，即 10 年内约 6 万亿美元。保守派智库曼哈顿研究所高级研究员杰西卡·里德尔表示，以经济份额计算，这将是二战以来最大的增税。
财政部长斯科特·贝森特 (Scott Bessent) 表示，关税将是一次性的价格调整，而不是通货膨胀螺旋的开始。但贝森特的结论是，关税是短暂的或受控制的，不会导致其他国家以自己的关税进行报复或渗透到经济的其他部门。
WisdomTree 策略师 Samuel Rines 表示：“商品关税有可能开始影响服务定价。汽车零部件价格上涨，汽车维修价格上涨，然后汽车保险也感受到压力。虽然商品是焦点，但关税可能会对通胀产生长期影响。”
其他国家如何看待新关税？
大多数外国领导人认为关税对全球经济具有破坏性，即使他们准备采取自己的反制措施。
加拿大总理马克·卡尼表示，特朗普的关税威胁已经结束了加拿大与美国的伙伴关系，尽管总统周五在与卡尼的通话中表现得相对积极。加拿大已经宣布了报复性关税。
法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙表示，这些关税“不连贯”，意味着“破坏价值链，在短期内造成通货膨胀并破坏就业机会。这对美国经济不利，对欧洲、加拿大或墨西哥经济也不利。”然而，马克龙表示，他的国家将以取消关税为目标进行自我防御。
墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·希因鲍姆避免在关税问题上采取针锋相对的回应，但她认为保护本国的就业至关重要。
中国政府表示，特朗普的关税将损害全球贸易体系，并且不会解决特朗普指出的经济挑战。
外交部发言人郭家坤表示：“贸易战和关税战没有赢家，没有哪个国家的发展和繁荣是通过征收关税来实现的。”
特朗普为何选择将其命名为“解放日”？
根据特朗普的公开表态，4月2日至少是他确定的第三个“解放日”。
去年在内华达州的一次集会上，他说总统选举日 11 月 5 日将是“美国解放日”。后来，他给自己的就职典礼贴上了同样的标签，并在演讲中宣称：“对美国公民来说，2025 年 1 月 20 日是解放日。”
特朗普反复提及这一术语，表明他非常重视关税，自 1980 年代以来一直痴迷于此。其他几十个国家也以自己的方式庆祝解放日，以纪念战胜纳粹德国或结束被视为压迫性的前政治政权等事件。
特朗普认为他的关税措施可以拯救国家，但消费者信心和股市的低迷表明，大部分公众认为美国经济将为他的野心付出代价。
“我看不出解放日有什么积极意义，”西北大学凯洛格管理学院金融学教授菲利普·布劳恩说。“这会损害美国经济。其他国家也会采取报复行动。”
题图：周五，特朗普总统从椭圆形办公室步行前往佛罗里达州，途中经过白宫南草坪的海军陆战队一号。Mark Schiefelbein/美联社
附原英文报道：
Trump’s promised ‘Liberation Day’ of tariffs is coming. Here’s what it could mean for you.
By JOSH BOAK The Associated Press,Updated March 30, 2025, 2:39 p.m.
President Trump walked from the Oval Office to Marine One on the South Lawn of the White House on his way to Florida on Friday.Mark Schiefelbein/Associated Press
President Donald Trump says Wednesday will be “Liberation Day” — a moment when he plans to roll out a set of tariffs that he promises will free the United States from foreign goods.
The details of Trump’s next round of import taxes are still sketchy. Most economic analyses say average US families would have to absorb the cost of his tariffs in the form of higher prices and lower incomes. But an undeterred Trump is inviting CEOs to the White House to say they are investing hundreds of billions of dollars in new projects to avoid the import taxes.
It is also possible that the tariffs are short-lived if Trump feels he can cut a deal after imposing them.
“I’m certainly open to it, if we can do something,” Trump told reporters. ”We’ll get something for it.”
At stake are family budgets, America’s prominence as the world’s leading financial power and the structure of the global economy.
Here’s what you should know about the impending trade penalties:
What exactly does Trump plan to do?
He wants to announce import taxes, including “reciprocal” tariffs that would match the rates charged by other countries and account for other subsidies. Trump has talked about taxing the European Union, South Korea, Brazil and India, among other countries.
As he announced 25 percent auto tariffs last week, he alleged that America has been ripped off because it imports more goods than it exports.
“This is the beginning of Liberation Day in America,” Trump said. “We’re going to charge countries for doing business in our country and taking our jobs, taking our wealth, taking a lot of things that they’ve been taking over the years. They’ve taken so much out of our country, friend and foe. And, frankly, friend has been oftentimes much worse than foe.”
In an interview Saturday with NBC News, Trump said it did not bother him if tariffs caused vehicle prices to rise because autos with more US content could possibly be more competitively priced.
“I hope they raise their prices, because if they do, people are gonna buy American-made cars,” Trump said. “I couldn’t care less because if the prices on foreign cars go up, they’re going to buy American cars.”
Trump has also suggested that he will be flexible with his tariffs, saying he will treat other nations better than they treated the United States. But he still has plenty of other taxes coming on imports.
The Republican president plans to tax imported pharmaceutical drugs, copper and lumber. He has put forth a 25 percent tariff on any country that imports oil from Venezuela, even though the United States also does so. Imports from China are being charged an additional 20 percent tax because of its role in fentanyl production. Trump has imposed separate tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico for the stated reason of stopping drug smuggling and illegal immigration. Trump also expanded his 2018 steel and aluminum tariffs to 25 percent on all imports.
Some aides suggest the tariffs are tools for negotiation on trade and border security; others say the revenues will help reduce the federal budget deficit. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick says they will force other nations to show Trump “respect.”
What could tariffs do to the US economy?
Nothing good, according to most economists. They say the tariffs would get passed along to consumers in the form of higher prices for autos, groceries, housing and other goods. Corporate profits could be lower and growth more sluggish. Trump maintains that more companies would open factories to avoid the taxes, though that process could take three years or more.
Economist Art Laffer estimates the tariffs on autos, if fully implemented, could increase per vehicle costs by $4,711, though he said he views Trump as a smart and savvy negotiator. The investment bank Goldman Sachs estimates the economy will grow this quarter at an annual rate of just 0.6 percent, down from a rate of 2.4 percent at the end of last year.
Mayor Andrew Ginther of Columbus, Ohio, said on Friday that tariffs could increase the median cost of a home by $21,000, making affordability more of an obstacle because building materials would cost more.
White House trade adviser Peter Navarro told “Fox News Sunday” that the auto tariffs would raise $100 billion annually and the other tariffs would bring in about $600 million per year, or about $6 trillion over 10 years. As a share of the economy, that would be the largest tax increase since World War II, according to Jessica Riedl, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a conservative think tank.
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has suggested that tariffs would be a one-time price adjustment, rather than the start of an inflationary spiral. But Bessent’s conclusion rests on tariffs being brief or contained, rather than leading other countries to retaliate with their own tariffs or seeping into other sectors of the economy.
“There is a chance tariffs on goods begin to filter through to the pricing of services,” said Samuel Rines, a strategist at WisdomTree. “Auto parts get move expensive, then auto repair gets more expensive, then auto insurance feels the pressure. While goods are the focus, tariffs could have a longer-term effect on inflation.”
How are other nations thinking about the new tariffs?
Most foreign leaders see the tariffs as destructive for the global economy, even if they are prepared to impose their own countermeasures.
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said Trump’s tariff threats had ended the partnership between his country and the United States, even as the president on Friday talked about his phone call with Carney in relatively positive terms. Canada already has announced retaliatory tariffs.
French President Emmanuel Macron said the tariffs were “not coherent” and would mean “breaking value chains, creating inflation in the short term and destroying jobs. It’s not good for the American economy, nor for the European, Canadian or Mexican economies.” Yet Macron said his nation would defend itself with the goal of dismantling the tariffs.
Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has avoided the tit-for-tat responses on tariffs, but she sees it as critical to defend jobs in her country.
The Chinese government said Trump’s tariffs would harm the global trading system and would not fix the economic challenges identified by Trump.
“There are no winners in trade wars or tariff wars, and no country’s development and prosperity are achieved through imposing tariffs,” Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said.
How did Trump land on it being called ‘Liberation Day’?
Based off Trump’s public statements, April 2 is at least the third “liberation day” that he has identified.
At a rally last year in Nevada, he said the day of the presidential election, Nov. 5, would be “Liberation Day in America.” He later gave his inauguration the same label, declaring in his address: “For American citizens, Jan. 20, 2025, is Liberation Day.”
His repeated designation of the term is a sign of just how much importance Trump places on tariffs, an obsession of his since the 1980s. Dozens of other countries recognize their own form of liberation days to recognize events such as overcoming Nazi Germany or the end of a previous political regime deemed oppressive.
Trump sees his tariffs as providing national redemption, but the slumping consumer confidence and stock market indicate that much of the public believes the US economy will pay the price for his ambitions.
“I don’t see anything positive about Liberation Day,” said Phillip Braun, a finance professor at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management. “It’s going to hurt the US economy. Other countries are going to retaliate.”
