特朗普称美国将在关塔那摩关押移民
【中美创新时报2025 年 1 月 29 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）特朗普总统周三下令其政府准备在关塔那摩（Guantánamo）湾海军基地安置数万名“犯罪外国人”，这是他不断扩大的移民打击行动的最新举措。总统建议在基地安置 30,000 名移民。目前尚不清楚该计划将如何实施。《纽约时报》记者Hamed Aleaziz 和 Carol Rosenberg对此作了下述报道。
特朗普没有透露该计划将如何实施，但他指示国防部和国土安全部准备好拘留地点。
“我们在关塔那摩有 30,000 张床位，用于拘留威胁美国人民的最严重的非法移民罪犯，”他说。“他们中的一些人太坏了，我们甚至不相信这些国家会关押他们，因为我们不想让他们回来，所以我们将把他们送到关塔那摩。”
他说此举将“立即使我们的拘留能力翻一番”，并补充说关塔那摩是一个“很难离开的地方”。
最近几周，由于资金限制限制了拘留地点的数量，大约有 40,000 名移民被关押在全国各地的私人拘留中心和当地监狱中。
增加 30,000 张床位将大大扩大政府的拘留能力。这个占地 45 平方英里的基地上的一个拘留地点可以容纳这 30,000 名被驱逐者。该地点位于关塔那摩湾水域的对岸，与五角大楼关押恐怖主义嫌疑人的监狱隔海相望。
历届政府都在偏远地区（靠近机场但远离人口中心）准备了场地，以容纳成千上万的移民，他们住在一个庞大的帐篷城里。
该基础设施于 2000 年代中期开始建立，以庇护在逃离祖国时被拦截的古巴人和该地区的其他移民。克林顿政府在 1990 年代委托关塔那摩执行这一任务。它被设计为一项人道主义救援行动。
目前尚不清楚特朗普领导下的这项行动将如何配备人员、保障安全，以及被驱逐者在关塔那摩湾将享有哪些权利（如果有的话）。公民自由团体对此表示担忧。
宪法权利中心执行主任文森特·沃伦 (Vincent Warren) 表示，特朗普的命令传递了一个阴暗的信息，即“移民和寻求庇护者被视为新的恐怖主义威胁，应该被丢弃在岛上的监狱里，剥夺他们获得法律和社会服务与支持的权利。”
特朗普的备忘录呼吁扩大移民行动中心，该中心目前占据着一个小型前军营，该军营最多可容纳 120 名移民，但近年来一次最多关押数十人。它靠近空地，可能会变成帐篷城。
特朗普的边境沙皇汤姆·霍曼周三在白宫外告诉记者，某些移民可以通过飞机运往该岛，该行动将由移民和海关执法局 (ICE) 负责。
“最糟糕的情况，对公共安全构成重大威胁的情况，我们可以用飞机运走他们，”他说。
美国军方和国土安全部队定期演练如何在该基地处理移民危机。
20 世纪 90 年代，基地挤满了 45,000 多名逃离海地和古巴危机的难民。他们被安置在基地人口稠密一侧的简陋帐篷城中，包括五角大楼反恐战争被拘留者的拘留设施的当前位置。今天，该设施关押着 15 名囚犯，并有 800 名士兵和平民。
从乔治·W·布什政府开始，政府在基地几乎空无一人的一侧为未来的人道主义救援行动开辟了新的足迹。
在人道主义救援行动的半年演习中，南方司令部通常会从圣安东尼奥的萨姆·休斯顿堡空运数百名士兵来扮演不同的角色。
拟建的帐篷营地可能会被铁丝网包围，就像军方在 1990 年代为帐篷营地所做的那样，那里既有家庭，也有单身男子。
拜登政府时期的 ICE 官员 Deborah Fleischaker 表示，在该基地拘留移民将特别困难。
“关塔那摩监狱非常小，非常偏远，”她说，这是军方对该监狱的昵称。“将物资和人员进出关塔那摩监狱将是一场后勤噩梦。关押在那里的人员构成非常重要。只有男人？还是女人和孩子？如果关押着女人和孩子，住房问题将变得更加困难。”
上周，特朗普政府对移民进行了全面打击，包括在全国各地的社区逮捕移民。特朗普承诺将进行历史性的大规模驱逐行动，但这一计划需要扩大拘留能力和更多资源。
自 1990 年代末以来，约有 500 名移民从关塔那摩被安置在第三国。
“关塔那摩是一个旨在逃避审查的黑洞，有着不人道条件的黑暗历史。 “这显然是逃避法律监督的企图，注定会失败，”拜登政府司法部官员卢卡斯·古滕塔格 (Lucas Guttentag) 说，他曾领导针对海地难民被关押在该地点的诉讼。
题图：远处是一簇白色建筑，远处是蓝色海湾和远处的山丘。2023 年，美国海军在古巴关塔那摩湾的基地。图片来源：Marisa Schwartz Taylor/纽约时报
附原英文报道：
Trump Says U.S. Will Hold Migrants at Guantánamo
The president suggested 30,000 migrants could be housed on the base. It is unclear how the plan will take shape.
A cluster of white buildings in the distance beyond which lies a blue bay and distant hills.
The U.S. Navy base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, in 2023.Credit…Marisa Schwartz Taylor/The New York Times
By Hamed Aleaziz and Carol Rosenberg
Hamed Aleaziz reported from Washington, and Carol Rosenberg reported from Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.
Jan. 29, 2025
President Trump on Wednesday ordered his administration to prepare to house tens of thousands of “criminal aliens” at the Navy base at Guantánamo Bay, the latest prong in his widening crackdown on immigration.
Mr. Trump did not offer details on how the plan would take shape, but he instructed the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security to get the site ready.
“We have 30,000 beds in Guantánamo to detain the worst criminal illegal aliens threatening the American people,” he said. “Some of them are so bad we don’t even trust the countries to hold them, because we don’t want them coming back, so we’re going to send them out to Guantánamo.”
He said the move would “double our capacity immediately,” adding that Guantánamo was a “tough place to get out of.”
In recent weeks, about 40,000 immigrants have been held in private detention centers and local jails around the country as funding constraints have limited the number of detention sites.
Adding 30,000 beds would dramatically expand the government’s detention capacity. A site on the 45-square-mile base could hold those 30,000 deportees. That site is on the opposite side of the body of water called Guantánamo Bay from the Pentagon’s prison for terrorism suspects.
Successive administrations have prepared fields on a remote section, near the airfield but far from the population center, to accommodate tens of thousands of migrants in a sprawling tent city.
The infrastructure was set up starting in the mid-2000s to shelter Cubans and others from the region who had been intercepted while fleeing their country. The Clinton administration had tasked Guantánamo with the role in the 1990s. It was designed as a humanitarian relief operation.
It was not immediately clear how such an operation under Mr. Trump would be staffed, secured and what rights, if any, the deportees would have at Guantánamo Bay. Civil liberties groups expressed concerns.
Vincent Warren, executive director of the Center for Constitutional Rights, said Mr. Trump’s order sent a dark message that “migrants and asylum seekers are being cast as the new terrorist threat, deserving to be discarded in an island prison, removed from legal and social services and supports.”
Mr. Trump’s memo called for expanding the Migrant Operations Center, which currently occupies a small former barracks that has had capacity for up to 120 migrants but in recent years held at most dozens at a time. It is near empty fields that could be transformed into a tent city.
Tom Homan, Mr. Trump’s border czar, told reporters outside the White House on Wednesday that certain migrants could be flown to the island, and that the operation would be run by Immigration and Customs Enforcement, known as ICE.
“The worst of the worst, the significant public safety threats we can fly them,” he said.
U.S. military and Homeland Security forces have periodically rehearsed how to handle a migrant crisis at the site.
In the 1990s, the base was overwhelmed by more than 45,000 people fleeing crises in both Haiti and Cuba. They were housed in crude tent cities on the populated side of the base, including on the current site of the Pentagon’s detention facility for detainees in the war against terrorism. Today, that facility houses 15 prisoners and is staffed by 800 troops and civilians.
Starting with the George W. Bush administration, the government created a new footprint for a future humanitarian relief operation on the mostly empty side of the base.
During semiannual drills for a humanitarian relief operation, the Southern Command typically flew in a few hundred soldiers from Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio to play different roles.
The proposed site of the tent camps could be surrounded with barbed wire, like the military did for the tent camps of the 1990s, which housed both families and single men.
Deborah Fleischaker, an ICE official during the Biden administration, said that detaining immigrants at the base would be particularly difficult.
“Gitmo is very small and very remote,” she said, using the military’s nickname for the site. “Moving materials and people in and out would be a logistical nightmare. And the makeup of who would be held there is very important. Only men? Women and children? If women and children are there, the housing challenges become even more difficult.”
In the last week, the Trump administration has undertaken a sweeping blitz on immigration, including arrests in communities across the country. Mr. Trump has promised to conduct a historic mass deportation effort, but such a plan would need expanded detention capabilities and more resources.
Since the late 1990s, around 500 migrants have been resettled in third countries from Guantánamo.
“Guantánamo is a black hole designed to escape scrutiny and with a dark history of inhumane conditions. It is a transparent attempt to avoid legal oversight that will fail,” said Lucas Guttentag, a Justice Department official in the Biden administration who once led the lawsuit over Haitian refugees being held at the site.
