签署《拉肯·莱利法案》时，特朗普表示将把“最严重的外国罪犯”送往关塔那摩
【中美创新时报2025 年 1 月 30 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）唐纳德·特朗普总统周三签署了《拉肯·莱利法案》（Laken Riley Act），赋予联邦当局更广泛的权力，可以驱逐被指控犯罪的非法移民。他还在仪式上宣布，他的政府计划将“最严重的外国罪犯”送往古巴关塔那摩湾的一个拘留中心。美联社记者威尔·韦塞特对此作了下述详细报道。
这项跨党派法案是特朗普第二任期内批准的第一项立法，以莱利的名字命名。莱利是一名 22 岁的佐治亚州护理专业学生，去年被一名非法入境美国的委内瑞拉男子杀害。
“她是一束温暖和善良的光芒，”特朗普在莱利的父母和妹妹参加的仪式上说道。“今天发生的事情是对你女儿的巨大致敬，我只能说这些。我们不得不这么做，这真是太可悲了。”
特朗普承诺大幅增加驱逐出境人数，但他在签署时还表示，一些被遣返回国的人不能指望他们留在那里。
“他们中的一些人太坏了，我们甚至不相信这些国家会关押他们，因为我们不想让他们回来，所以我们要把他们送到关塔那摩，”特朗普说。他说，他将指示联邦官员准备好在古巴的设施，接收移民罪犯。
总统说：“我们在关塔那摩有 30,000 张床位，用于拘留对美国人民构成威胁的最严重的外国罪犯。”
白宫不久后宣布，特朗普签署了关于关塔那摩的总统备忘录。移民权利组织迅速表示沮丧。
“关塔那摩湾的虐待历史不言而喻，毫无疑问会危及人们的身心健康，”拘留观察网络项目主管 Stacy Suh 在一份声明中表示。
特朗普表示，此举将使美国拘留所容量增加一倍，而关塔那摩是“一个难以逃脱的地方”。
特朗普政府的一位官员表示，关塔那摩设施可能关押“危险罪犯”和“难以驱逐出境”的人，由于他们无权公开谈论此事，该官员不愿透露姓名。
国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺姆表示，政府将通过国会最终将审议的支出法案寻求资金。美国政府边境事务主管汤姆·霍曼表示，美国海关和移民执法局将管理古巴的设施，并将“最坏的人”送往那里。
多年来，美国军事基地一直被用来关押美国反恐战争中的被拘留者。但当局也在海上拘留移民，地点是关塔那摩的移民行动中心，这是美国长期从古巴政府租用的地点。被关押在那里的许多人都是来自海地和古巴的移民。
美国从古巴租用关塔那摩土地已有一个多世纪。古巴反对租赁，并通常拒绝美国支付的象征性租金。古巴总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔表示，特朗普想把移民运到该岛是“一种残暴行为”。
古巴外交部长布鲁诺·罗德里格斯在 X 上的一篇文章中写道：“美国政府决定将移民关押在关塔那摩海军基地，在这个制造酷刑和无限期拘留中心的飞地里，是对人类状况和国际法的蔑视。”
最高法院于 2008 年裁定，在关塔那摩军事监狱未经指控而关押的反恐战争中的敌方战斗人员有权向联邦法院质疑他们的拘留。但法官们并没有决定总统是否有权拘留人。
在特朗普上任之前，巴拉克·奥巴马和乔·拜登的民主党政府致力于减少关塔那摩监狱关押的恐怖主义嫌疑人数量。
2024 年 2 月，莱肯·莱利在外出时被非法入境的委内瑞拉国民何塞·安东尼奥·伊瓦拉杀害。伊瓦拉于 11 月被判有罪，并被判处终身监禁，不得假释。
伊瓦拉于 2022 年 9 月在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索附近因非法入境被捕，后被释放，在移民法庭继续他的案件。联邦官员说，他于 2023 年 8 月因危害儿童被纽约警方逮捕并被释放。警方称，他还于 2023 年 10 月因在佐治亚州偷窃而被开具传票。
该法案在一些民主党人的支持下迅速通过了新共和党控制的国会，尽管反对者表示，这可能会导致大规模围捕犯有偷窃等轻微罪行的人。
该法案的迅速通过以及特朗普的迅速签署，为保守派增添了强大的象征意义。批评人士认为，这项措施利用了悲剧，可能会导致混乱和残酷，而对打击犯罪或改革移民制度却无济于事。
莱利的母亲强忍泪水感谢特朗普。
“他说他会保护我们的边境，他永远不会忘记莱肯，他也没有忘记，”她说。
几位共和党高层议员和诺姆出席了签字仪式，共同提案人、宾夕法尼亚州民主党参议员约翰·费特曼也出席了签字仪式。
根据新法律，联邦官员必须拘留任何被捕或被指控犯有盗窃或袭击警察等罪行或伤害或杀害他人的罪行的移民。州检察长可以起诉美国政府，要求赔偿联邦移民决定造成的损害——这可能允许保守州的领导人帮助决定华盛顿制定的移民政策。
一些民主党人质疑这是否合宪。 ALCU 表示，该法律可以允许人们“被强制关押——可能长达数年——因为他们在人生的某个时刻，也许是几十年前，被指控犯有非暴力罪行。”
国际难民援助项目临时高级政策主管汉娜·弗拉姆 (Hannah Flamm) 表示，该措施侵犯了移民的基本权利，因为它允许拘留那些没有被指控犯有不法行为的人，更不用说被定罪了。
“选举周期中潜在的对犯罪行为软弱的恐惧滚雪球般发展成为帮助和教唆特朗普将移民与犯罪完全混为一谈，”弗拉姆说。
她还指出，“我认为理解这一点至关重要：这项与悲惨死亡有关的法案，是加强大规模驱逐制度的借口。”
美联社记者丽贝卡·桑塔纳 (Rebecca Santana) 对本报道亦有贡献。
题图：在这张 2019 年 4 月的照片中，美国军方官员审查了古巴关塔那摩湾海军基地第六营拘留设施内的铁丝网，可以看到控制塔。Alex Brandon/美联社
附原英文报道：
While signing Laken Riley Act, Trump says he’ll send ‘worst criminal aliens’ to Guantanamo
By WILL WEISSERT The Associated Press,Updated January 29, 2025,
In this April 2019 photo, reviewed by US military officials, the control tower is seen through the razor wire inside the Camp VI detention facility in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba.Alex Brandon/Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump on Wednesday signed the Laken Riley Act into law, giving federal authorities broader power to deport immigrants in the U.S. illegally who have been accused of crimes. He also announced at the ceremony that his administration planned to send the “worst criminal aliens” to a detention center in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
The bipartisan act, the first piece of legislation approved during Trump’s second term, was named for Riley, a 22-year-old Georgia nursing student who was slain last year by a Venezuelan man in the U.S. illegally.
“She was a light of warmth and kindness,” Trump said during a ceremony that included Riley’s parents and sister. “It’s a tremendous tribute to your daughter what’s taking place today, that’s all I can say. It’s so sad we have to be doing it.”
Trump has promised to drastically increase deportations, but he also said at the signing that some of the people being sent back to their home countries couldn’t be counted on to stay there.
“Some of them are so bad that we don’t even trust the countries to hold them because we don’t want them coming back, so we’re gonna send ’em out to Guantanamo,” Trump said. He said that he’d direct federal officials to get facilities in Cuba ready to receive immigrant criminals.
“We have 30,000 beds in Guantanamo to detain the worst criminal aliens threatening the American people,” the president said.
The White House announced a short time later that Trump had signed a presidential memorandum on Guantanamo. Migrant rights groups quickly expressed dismay.
“Guantanamo Bay’s abusive history speaks for itself and in no uncertain terms will put people’s physical and mental health in jeopardy,” Stacy Suh, program director of Detention Watch Network, said in a statement.
Trump said the move would double U.S. detention lockup capacities, and Guantanamo is “a tough place to get out of.”
The Guantanamo facility could hold “dangerous criminals” and people who are “hard to deport,” said a Trump administration official speaking on condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to speak publicly on the matter.
Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said the administration would seek funding via spending bills Congress will eventually consider. The administration’s border czar, Tom Homan, said U.S. Customs and Immigration Enforcement would run the facility in Cuba and that the “the worst of the worst” could go there.
The U.S. military base has been used to house detainees from the U.S. war on terrorism for years. But authorities have also detained migrants at sea at a facility known as the Migrant Operations Center on Guantanamo, a site the U.S. has long leased from the Cuban government. Many of those housed there have been migrants from Haiti and Cuba.
The U.S. has leased Guantanamo land from Cuba for more than a century. Cuba opposes the lease and typically rejects the nominal U.S. rent payments. Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel said Trump wanting to ship immigrants to the island is “an act of brutality.”
“The US government’s decision to imprison migrants at the Guantanamo Naval Base, in an enclave where it created torture and indefinite detention centers, shows contempt for the human condition and international law,” Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez wrote in a post on X.
The Supreme Court ruled in 2008 that enemy combatants in the war on terror held without charge at the military prison at Guantanamo had the right to challenge their detention in federal court. But the justices did not decide whether the president had the authority to detain people at all.
Before Trump took office, the Democratic administrations of Barack Obama and Joe Biden worked to reduce the number of terrorism suspects held at Guantanamo.
Laken Riley was out for a run in February 2024 when she was killed by Jose Antonio Ibarra, a Venezuelan national who was in the country illegally. Ibarra was found guilty in November and sentenced to life without parole.
Ibarra had been arrested for illegal entry in September 2022 near El Paso, Texas, and released to pursue his case in immigration court. Federal officials say he was arrested by New York police in August 2023 for child endangerment and released. Police say he was also issued a citation for shoplifting in Georgia in October 2023.
The act quickly passed the newly Republican-controlled Congress with some Democratic support even though opponents said it possibly could lead to large roundups of people for offenses as minor as shoplifting.
The swift passage, and Trump’s quickly signing it, adds to the potent symbolism for conservatives. To critics, the measure has taken advantage of a tragedy and could lead to chaos and cruelty while doing little to fight crime or overhaul the immigration system.
Riley’s mother thanked Trump while holding back tears.
“He said he would secure our borders and he would never forget about Laken and he hasn’t,” she said.
Several top Republican lawmakers and Noem attended the signing ceremony, as did Democratic Sen. John Fetterman of Pennsylvania, a cosponsor.
Under the new law, federal officials would have to detain any immigrant arrested or charged with crimes such as theft or assaulting a police officer, or offenses that injure or kill someone. State attorneys general could sue the U.S. government for harm caused by federal immigration decisions — potentially allowing the leaders of conservative states to help dictate immigration policy set by Washington.
Some Democrats have questioned whether it is constitutional. The ALCU says the law can allow people to be “mandatorily locked up — potentially for years — because at some point in their lives, perhaps decades ago, they were accused of nonviolent offenses.”
Hannah Flamm, interim senior director of policy at the International Refugee Assistance Project, said the measure violates immigrants’ basic rights by allowing for detaining people who have not been charged with wrongdoing, much less convicted.
“The latent fear from the election cycle of looking soft on crime snowballed into aiding and abetting Trump’s total conflation of immigration with crime,” Flamm said.
She also noted, “I think it is pivotal to understand: This bill, framed as connected to a tragic death, is pretext to fortify a mass deportation system.”
Associated Press writer Rebecca Santana contributed to this report.
