【中美创新时报2025 年 1 月 18 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）当选总统唐纳德·特朗普周一宣誓就职，这不仅标志着他重返白宫，还将巩固他对华盛顿的控制。《波士顿环球报》记者Tal Kopan 对此作了下述报道。
特朗普的压倒性影响力在就职典礼前一周就已显现，共和党、美国企业和大部分国际秩序都支持他——几乎与他 2017 年首次就职时的情况截然相反，当时甚至共和党建制派成员也对他持怀疑态度。
他的大多数内阁提名人似乎都顺利通过了确认听证会。知名首席执行官和世界使者纷纷前往他在佛罗里达的度假胜地参加就职典礼，以讨好他。众议院和参议院的数十名民主党人投票支持共和党关于移民问题的早期标志性法案，这是他最喜欢的政策话题。他甚至在就职前就结束了以色列和哈马斯之间旷日持久的冲突。
然而，这种一帆风顺可能很快就会落入现实：共和党在两院仍占微弱多数，内部已经开始就如何构建他们的重大立法项目发生争执，更不用说这些项目的内容了。
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尽管如此，特朗普上任时，华盛顿已经在很大程度上按照他的意愿进行了改造。
“特朗普总统显然是我一生中最具影响力的总统，”佛罗里达州共和党众议员马里奥·迪亚兹-巴拉特说。 “这在国会、国会外、国内和国际都有。不管人们是否愿意承认，特朗普还没有宣誓就职，但你已经看到了他的影响力。”
科技巨头们并没有像过去那样将特朗普视为边缘局外人，而是计划在就职典礼上获得丰厚的席位，靠近候任内阁，但由于天气寒冷，典礼于周五突然改变，移至室内。
据 NBC 新闻报道，出席名单包括大型科技公司的首席执行官——Meta 的马克·扎克伯格和亚马逊的杰夫·贝佐斯。中国国家主席表示，在特朗普邀请他和其他世界领导人出席后，他将派副总统出席，这是一个不同寻常的举动。
自大选以来，前往佛罗里达州的特朗普故居海湖庄园拜访特朗普几乎成了商界精英的必经仪式。可口可乐首席执行官亲自向特朗普赠送了一瓶纪念版健怡可乐，这是这位当选总统最喜欢的饮料。各公司还宣布，它们正在废除保守派抨击的多元化和公平计划，并向特朗普的就职委员会和外部政治联盟团体投入大量资金，其规模和声势远远超过八年前企业界的投入。
国会也在按照特朗普的形象进行改造。
本周晚些时候，众议院议长迈克·约翰逊出人意料地更换了众议院情报委员会共和党主席，后者去年因乌克兰资金问题和特朗普对其俄亥俄州选区海地移民的评论而与特朗普产生分歧。被罢免的主席、传统国防鹰派代表迈克·特纳告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，他的免职是特朗普的要求，但特朗普的政治主管否认了这一点，约翰逊的办公室也没有发表评论。新任主席、阿肯色州众议员里克·克劳福德 (Rick Crawford) 被认为更符合特朗普的政策观点。
在参议院，特朗普的第一批内阁提名人开始了确认听证会，并在共和党人中受到了友好的欢迎。他的一位颇具争议的提名人、前福克斯新闻主持人皮特·赫格塞斯 (Pete Hegseth) 似乎顺利通过了国防部长听证会，尽管民主党人强调他过去贬低女性参战想法的言论，以及他在工作场合酗酒，并重提他让两个支持退伍军人的非营利组织陷入财务困境的指控。
甚至一些民主党人似乎也改变了他们在关键问题上的立场，以适应特朗普时代。数十名众议院民主党人投票支持通过两项共和党措施，以打击被指控犯罪和家庭暴力的移民，尽管支持移民的倡导者担心这些法案会造成无法执行的法律困境。十名参议院民主党人（主要来自摇摆州）也投票支持推进其中一项法案。
但未来的道路可能仍然充满坎坷。上周推进的立法是规模较小的信息法案，与特朗普希望通过立法预算策略和解来实施的主要税收、边境安全和能源政策不同，该法案只需共和党支持即可在参议院通过。但共和党人能否就立法内容达成一致还远未可知，因为他们仍在争论是否应该通过一两份这样的法案以及其中应该包含哪些内容。
而且，随着两名众议院议员即将离职，前往特朗普政府任职，在举行特别选举之前，多数派需要共和党人一致同意才能通过任何符合党派路线的法案；即使在那之后，他们也只能损失两票共和党人。参议院多数派将有三票的剩余。
尽管共和党人表示乐观，但他们也承认这并不容易。
“这是以后更困难的事情，”弗吉尼亚州共和党众议员、极端保守派自由党团成员摩根·格里菲斯承认。“我认为我们会在某些方面表现良好，但你必须参与其中，找出妥协点……通过你能通过的法案，然后继续前进。”
特纳被免职，这让一些议员开始思考该党对不同观点的容忍程度。
“我们应该在政策上存在分歧，对吧？”华盛顿众议员丹·纽豪斯 (Dan Newhouse) 是 2021 年投票弹劾特朗普的仅剩的两名共和党众议员之一。“通过来回辩论，我们才能找到解决方案。所以我希望这不是委员会主席的标准。”
纽豪斯表示，他曾联系特朗普，但最近没有联系上他。
尽管特朗普在选举中实力雄厚，但民主党人也已经显示出他们可以被挑选出来支持立法的极限。尽管移民法案顺利通过，但只有两名民主党人投票支持一项旨在限制生物性别参与青少年体育运动并禁止跨性别运动员的法案。他们认为，该法案将允许对儿童进行生殖器检查，这是有害且不切实际的。
民主党众议员亚历山大·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯 (Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez) 是纽约的一位进步派领袖，她表示，该法案与移民立法的结果差异是民主党人可以避免共和党多数派设置的政治陷阱的路线图。
“当我们有说服力的论据时，我们就能站在强势的位置，”奥卡西奥-科尔特斯说。“在跨性别问题上，我们有说服力的信息。我认为在移民问题上，人们对此更加焦虑。”
加州民主党参议员亚历克斯·帕迪拉 (Alex Padilla) 在周三特朗普司法部长提名人帕姆·邦迪 (Pam Bondi) 的确认听证会即将结束时承认了他的政党面临的新现实。在邦迪暗示帕迪拉欺负她的一轮激烈提问之后，帕迪拉以不同的语气结束了谈话。
“我知道如何计算，我知道如何看茶叶，”帕迪拉告诉邦迪。“在我看来，你非常、非常、非常、非常有可能被确认，我当然期待与你和你的办公室合作。”
波士顿环球报的吉姆·普赞赫拉 (Jim Puzzanghera) 对本报告做出了贡献。
题图：上个月，当选总统唐纳德·特朗普在凤凰城的一次大会上离开了舞台。由于天气寒冷，他的就职典礼已移至室内。安娜·沃茨/纽约时报
附原英文报道：
A new Trump era is beginning, and he’s already bending Washington to his will
By Tal Kopan Globe Staff,Updated January 18, 2025
President-elect Donald Trump left the stage at a convention in Phoenix last month. Because of cold weather, his inauguration has been moved indoors.ANNA WATTS/NYT
WASHINGTON — When President-elect Donald Trump is sworn in Monday, it won’t just signal his return to the White House, it will cement his control of Washington.
Trump’s overwhelming influence has been apparent over the week leading up to his inauguration, as the Republican Party, corporate America, and much of the international order have fallen into line behind him — virtually the polar opposite of the circumstances surrounding his first inauguration in 2017, when even members of the GOP establishment were skeptical of him.
Most of his Cabinet nominees seem to be gliding through their confirmation hearings. Prominent CEOs and world emissaries are making pilgrimages to his Florida resort and inauguration to get in his good graces. Dozens of Democrats in the House and Senate have voted for Republicans’ early marker bills on immigration, his favorite policy topic. He’s even taking credit for an end to the protracted conflict between Israel and Hamas before taking office.
This smooth sailing, however, could quickly crash into reality: Republicans still hold slim majorities in both chambers and are already squabbling internally over how to structure their big-ticket legislative items, let alone what’s in them.
Related: How Trump’s frigid Inauguration Day compares to how cold it was for Biden, Obama, and other presidents
Still, Trump is taking office in a Washington that has largely been remade to answer to his will.
“President Trump is the most influential president, clearly, in my lifetime,” said Representative Mario Diaz-Balart, a Florida Republican. “It’s in Congress, it’s out of Congress, it’s in the country, and it’s international. And whether people want to admit that or not, he hasn’t been sworn in and you’re already seeing his influence.”
Instead of shunning Trump as a fringe outsider, as they did in the past, titans of the tech world were slated to have plum seats for the inauguration, near the Cabinet-in-waiting, before the ceremony was moved indoors because of cold weather in a sudden change of longstanding plans on Friday.
The list included big tech CEOs — Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg and Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, according to NBC News. China’s president said he would send his vice president to attend after Trump invited him and other world leaders, an unusual move.
Going to Florida to see Trump at his home, Mar-a-Lago, has become almost a rite of passage for the business elite since the election. Coca-Cola’s CEO personally presented Trump with a commemorative inaugural Diet Coke bottle, the president-elect’s favorite drink. Companies have also made it known that they are doing away with diversity and equity initiatives assailed by conservatives, and money is pouring into his inaugural committee and allied outside political groups in sums and with fanfare dwarfing what came from the corporate world eight years ago.
Congress has also been revamping itself in Trump’s image.
Late in the week, House Speaker Mike Johnson made a surprise move to replace the Republican chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, who had found himself at odds with Trump last year over Ukraine funding and Trump’s comments about Haitian immigrants in his Ohio district. The ousted chair, Representative Mike Turner, a traditional defense hawk, told CBS News his removal was at Trump’s behest, though Trump’s political director denied that and Johnson’s office did not comment. The new chair, Arkansas Representative Rick Crawford, is seen as more aligned with Trump’s policy views.
In the Senate, Trump’s first wave of Cabinet nominees began their confirmation hearings and met largely friendly audiences among Republicans. One of his more controversial nominees, former Fox News personality Pete Hegseth, seemingly skated through his hearing for defense secretary, although Democrats highlighted his past statements denigrating the idea of women serving in combat, and his drinking to excess at work events, and rehashed allegations that he left two pro-veterans nonprofits in financially dire straits.
Even some Democrats seem to change their posture on key issues to fit the Trump era. Dozens of House Democrats voted to help pass two GOP measures to crack down on immigrants accused of crimes and domestic violence, despite concerns from pro-immigration advocates the bills create an unenforceable legal morass. Ten Senate Democrats, mainly from swing states, voted to advance one of the bills, as well.
But the road ahead could still be full of bumps. The legislation that advanced this past week was smaller messaging bills, unlike the major tax, border security, and energy policy that Trump would like to enact through a legislative budgeting maneuver, reconciliation, that could pass the Senate with only Republican support. But it’s far from guaranteed that Republicans can get themselves to agree on the substance of the legislation, as they continue to squabble over whether they should pass one or two such bills and what should be in it.
And with two House lawmakers soon departing for Trump administration posts, the majority will need unanimity among Republicans to pass anything on a party line until special elections are held; even after that they could afford to lose just two Republican votes. The Senate majority will have three votes to spare.
Though Republicans express optimism, they also acknowledge it won’t be easy.
“It’s the more difficult stuff down the road,” acknowledged Representative Morgan Griffith, a Virginia Republican and member of the ultraconservative Freedom Caucus. “I think we’re going to be in good shape on some of it, but you got to get in there and figure out the compromises . . . and pass what you can and move on.”
And the removal of Turner from the Intelligence Committee is giving some lawmakers pause about how much the party tolerates differing viewpoints.
“We’re supposed to have disagreements on policy here, right?” said Washington Representative Dan Newhouse, one of only two remaining House Republicans who voted to impeach Trump in 2021. “That’s how we get to solutions, by being able to debate back and forth. And so I would hope that that’s not the criteria” for being a committee chair.
Newhouse said he has reached out to speak with Trump but has not connected with him recently.
Despite Trump’s electoral strength, Democrats are also already showing limits of where they can be picked off to support legislation. Though the immigration bills passed comfortably, only two Democrats voted for a bill that sought to limit participation in youth sports by biological sex and to bar trans athletes. They argued the bill would allow for genital inspections of children and is harmful and impractical.
Democratic Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a leading progressive from New York, said the difference in outcome on that bill from the immigration legislation was a road map for Democrats for where they can avoid political traps set by the Republican majority.
“When we have persuasive arguments, we’re able to stand in a position of strength,” Ocasio-Cortez said. “On the trans issue, we have messaging that is persuasive on it. I think on immigration, there’s been a lot more hand-wringing about that.”
Senator Alex Padilla, a California Democrat, acknowledged the new reality for his party near the end of Wednesday’s confirmation hearing for Trump’s attorney general nominee, Pam Bondi. After a combative round of questions during which Bondi implied Padilla was bullying her, Padilla closed on a different note.
“I know how to count and I know how to read tea leaves,” Padilla told Bondi. “It seems to me you’re very, very, very, very likely to be confirmed and I certainly look forward to working with you and your office.”
Jim Puzzanghera of the Globe staff contributed to this report.
