特朗普呼吁乌克兰立即停火，并表示美国可能退出北约
【中美创新时报2024 年 12 月 9日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）唐纳德·特朗普周日敦促俄罗斯领导人弗拉基米尔·普京采取行动立即与乌克兰达成停火协议，称这是他作为当选总统为结束战争而做出的积极努力的一部分，尽管距离上任还有几周时间。美联社记者埃伦·尼克迈耶和乔安娜·科兹洛夫斯卡对此作了下述报道。
“泽连斯基和乌克兰希望达成协议并停止这种疯狂行为，”特朗普在社交媒体上写道，他指的是乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基。
在周日播出的电视采访中，特朗普还表示，他愿意减少对乌克兰的军事援助，并让美国退出北约。这两项威胁已经让乌克兰、北约盟国以及美国国家安全界的许多人感到震惊。
在 NBC 的“与媒体见面”节目中，当被问及他是否正在积极努力结束这场持续近 3 年的乌克兰战争时，特朗普说：“我正在努力。”
他拒绝透露自 11 月赢得大选以来是否与普京交谈过。“我不想对此发表任何评论，因为我不想做任何可能阻碍谈判的事情，”特朗普说。
特朗普呼吁立即停火，这超出了拜登政府和乌克兰采取的公共政策立场，并引起了泽连斯基的谨慎回应。这也表明，特朗普在 1 月 20 日就职之前，正在异常深入地努力解决跛脚鸭拜登政府面临的重大全球危机之一。
特朗普在周末与法国和乌克兰领导人在巴黎举行会晤后提出了这一提议，当时许多世界领导人齐聚一堂，庆祝巴黎圣母院在一场毁灭性的火灾后得以修复。与他一起旅行的顾问中似乎没有一个对乌克兰问题有专业知识。
特朗普在他的社交媒体平台 Truth Social 上写道，基辅希望达成协议。“应该立即停火，开始谈判。”
“我很了解弗拉基米尔。现在是他采取行动的时候了。中国可以提供帮助。全世界都在等待！”特朗普补充道。他指的是中国为调解所做的努力，西方许多人认为这是对俄罗斯的偏袒。
泽连斯基称他周六与特朗普的讨论是“建设性的”，但没有透露更多细节。
泽连斯基警告说，乌克兰需要“公正而稳固的和平，俄罗斯人不会在几年内摧毁它。”
“当我们谈论与俄罗斯的有效和平时，我们必须首先谈论有效的和平保障。乌克兰人比任何人都更希望和平。 “俄罗斯把战争带到了我们的土地上，”他周日在 Telegram 消息应用程序上发帖称。
克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫回应了特朗普的帖子，重申了莫斯科长期以来的信息，即它愿意与乌克兰进行谈判。佩斯科夫提到了泽连斯基 2022 年 10 月颁布的一项法令，该法令宣布只要普京还是俄罗斯领导人，任何谈判的前景都“不可能”。
这项法令是在普京宣布乌克兰四个被占领地区成为俄罗斯一部分之后颁布的，基辅和西方称这明显侵犯了乌克兰的主权。
虽然特朗普之前曾表示希望乌克兰迅速停火，但他周日的提议是直接向俄罗斯呼吁。乌克兰和俄罗斯的快速回应表明了他们对即将上任的美国总统的想法的认真态度。
特朗普和拜登总统本周末都指出，俄罗斯撤出叙利亚，俄罗斯军队基本撤离，而叙利亚叛军推翻了俄罗斯盟友总统，这是乌克兰战争消耗俄罗斯资源程度的证据。
拜登周日在白宫表示，乌克兰的抵抗“使俄罗斯无法保护其在中东的主要盟友”。
拜登政府和其他乌克兰支持者一直强调不要向乌克兰施压，要求其立即停火。乌克兰的盟友担心，快速达成的协议将主要取决于其更强大的邻国的条件，这可能会迫使乌克兰做出破坏性的让步，并允许俄罗斯在恢复军事实力后再次重启战争。
特朗普将自己描绘成一个能够迅速达成协议以解决乌克兰和中东冲突的人，这些冲突使拜登政府的许多调解努力受挫。
新任官员或被提名人与外国官员会面并不被禁止，他们这样做很常见，也很正常——除非这些会议的目的是颠覆或以其他方式影响当前的美国政策。
在周五录制的 NBC 采访中，特朗普再次向北约盟国发出警告，他并不认为美国在第二任期内继续参与西方军事联盟是理所当然的。
特朗普长期以来一直抱怨共同防御集团中的欧洲和加拿大政府正在免费享受美国的军费开支，而美国是北约迄今为止最强大的伙伴。北约及其成员国政府表示，该集团中的大多数国家现在都达到了自愿的军费开支目标，部分原因是特朗普在第一任期内施加了压力。
当被问及他是否会考虑退出北约的可能性时，特朗普表示这是一个悬而未决的问题。
“如果他们付得起账单，如果我认为他们公平对待我们，答案是绝对的，我会留在北约，”他说。
但如果不是，他被问及是否会考虑让美国退出北约。特朗普回答说：“绝对。是的，绝对。”
当被问及乌克兰是否应该为美国援助可能削减做好准备时，特朗普也表达了同样开放的态度。“可能，”他说。
美国的武器和其他军事支持对乌克兰抵御俄罗斯军队入侵的努力至关重要，拜登在离任前一直在增加对乌克兰的援助。
国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀周六宣布向乌克兰增加近 10 亿美元的长期武器支持。五角大楼表示，奥斯汀周日与乌克兰外长讨论了战争状况和美国军事支持。
据俄罗斯国防部周日发表的声明称，俄罗斯军队继续在乌克兰东部推进，占领了 Blahodatne 村。军事分析人士称，如果得到证实，俄罗斯军队将更接近夺取新西尔卡镇，并破坏乌克兰军队的一条重要后勤路线。
题图：当选总统唐纳德·特朗普 12 月 7 日在巴黎圣母院与乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基握手。Ludovic Marin/美联社
附原英文报道：
Trump calls for immediate cease-fire in Ukraine and says a US withdrawal from NATO is possible
By ELLEN KNICKMEYER and JOANNA KOZLOWSKA The Associated Press,Updated December 8, 2024
President-elect Donald Trump shakes hands with Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky in the Notre Dame Cathedral, Dec.7, in Paris.Ludovic Marin/Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Donald Trump on Sunday pushed leader Vladimir Putin of Russia to act to reach an immediate cease-fire with Ukraine, describing it as part of his active efforts as president-elect to end the war despite being weeks from taking office.
“Zelensky and Ukraine would like to make a deal and stop the madness,” Trump wrote on social media, referring to Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelensky.
In a television interview that aired Sunday, Trump also said he would be open to reducing military aid to Ukraine and pulling the United States out of NATO. Those are two threats that have alarmed Ukraine, NATO allies, and many in the US national security community.
Asked on NBC’s “Meet the Press” if he were actively working to end the nearly 3-year-old Ukraine war, Trump said, “I am.”
He refused to say whether he had spoken to Putin since winning election in November. “I don’t want to say anything about that, because I don’t want to do anything that could impede the negotiation,” Trump said.
Trump’s call for an immediate cease-fire went beyond the public policy stands taken by the Biden administration and Ukraine and drew a cautious response from Zelensky. It also is a sign that Trump is wading unusually deeply into efforts before his Jan. 20 inauguration to resolve one of the major global crises facing the lame-duck Biden administration.
Trump made his proposal after a weekend meeting in Paris with French and Ukrainian leaders in Paris, where many world leaders gathered to celebrate the restoration of Notre Dame cathedral after a devastating fire. None of the advisers traveling with him appeared to have expertise on Ukraine.
Kyiv would like to close a deal, Trump wrote on his social media platform Truth Social. “There should be an immediate cease-fire and negotiations should begin.”
“I know Vladimir well. This is his time to act. China can help. The world is waiting!” Trump added. He was referring to mediation efforts by China that many in the West have seen as favoring Russia.
Zelensky described his discussions Saturday with Trump as “constructive” but has given no further details.
Zelensky cautioned that Ukraine needs a “just and robust peace, that Russians will not destroy within a few years.”
“When we talk about an effective peace with Russia, we must talk first of all about effective peace guarantees. Ukrainians want peace more than anyone else. Russia brought war to our land,” he said Sunday in a post on the Telegram messaging app.
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov responded to Trump’s post by repeating Moscow’s longstanding message that it is open to talks with Ukraine. Peskov referenced a decree by Zelensky from October 2022 that declared the prospect of any talks “impossible” as long as Putin was Russia’s leader.
That decree came after Putin proclaimed four occupied regions of Ukraine to be part of Russia, in what Kyiv and the West said was a clear violation of Ukrainian sovereignty.
While Trump has said before that he would like to see a quick cease-fire in Ukraine, his proposal Sunday was framed as a direct appeal to Russia. The quick responses from Ukraine and Russia demonstrated the seriousness with which they regarded the idea from the incoming American president.
Both Trump and President Biden pointed this weekend to Russia’s disengagement in Syria, where the Russian military largely moved out of the way while Syrian rebels overthrew the country’s Russian-allied president, as evidence of the extent to which the Ukraine war has sapped Russia’s resources.
Biden said at the White House on Sunday that resistance from Ukraine had “left Russia unable to protect its main ally in the Middle East.”
The Biden administration and other supporters of Ukraine have made a point of not being seen to press Ukraine for an immediate truce. Ukraine’s allies fear that a quick deal would be largely on the terms of its more powerful neighbor, potentially forcing damaging concessions on Ukraine and allowing Russia to resume the war again once it has built back up its military strength.
Trump portrays himself as up to making fast deals to resolve conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East that have frustrated many of the Biden administration’s own mediation efforts.
There is no prohibition on incoming officials or nominees meeting with foreign officials, and it is common and fine for them to do so — unless those meetings are designed to subvert or otherwise affect current US policy.
In the NBC interview taped Friday, Trump renewed his warning to NATO allies that he did not see continued US participation in the Western military alliance as a given during his second term.
Trump has long complained that European and the Canadian governments in the mutual-defense bloc are freeloading on military spending by the United States, by far the most powerful partner in NATO. NATO and its member governments say a majority of countries in the bloc are now hitting voluntary targets for military spending, due in part to pressure from Trump in his first term.
Asked whether he would consider the possibility of pulling out of NATO, Trump indicated that was an open question.
“If they’re paying their bills, and if I think they’re treating us fairly, the answer is absolutely I’d stay with NATO,” he said.
But if not, he was asked if he would consider pulling the United States out of the alliance. Trump responded, “Absolutely. Yeah, absolutely.”
Trump expressed the same openness when asked if Ukraine should brace for possible cuts in US aid. “Possibly,” he said.
US arms and other military support are vital to Ukraine’s efforts to fend off invading Russian forces, and Biden has been surging assistance to Ukraine before leaving office.
Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin on Saturday announced nearly $1 billion more in longer-term weapons support to Ukraine. Austin spoke to his Ukrainian counterpart Sunday about the status of the war and US military backing, the Pentagon said.
Russian forces kept up their grinding advance in eastern Ukraine, taking the village of Blahodatne, according to a statement Sunday by Russia’s defense ministry. If confirmed, that gain would bring Russian forces a step closer toward capturing the town of Velyka Novosilka and disrupting a key logistics route for the Ukrainian army, military analysts said.
