【中美创新时报2025 年 7 月 12 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）唐纳德·特朗普总统周六宣布对欧盟和墨西哥征收 30% 的关税。美联社记者阿梅尔·马哈尼美联社对此作了下述报道。
特朗普在致墨西哥领导人的信中承认，墨西哥在阻止非法移民和芬太尼流入美国方面发挥了重要作用。但他表示，墨西哥在阻止北美沦为“毒品贩运游乐场”方面做得还不够。
特朗普补充道：“墨西哥一直在帮助我保卫边境，但是，墨西哥所做的还不够。”
特朗普在致欧盟的信中表示，美国贸易逆差对国家安全构成威胁。
特朗普在致欧盟的信中写道：“我们多年来一直在讨论与欧盟的贸易关系，最终得出结论，我们必须摆脱由你们的关税、非关税政策和贸易壁垒造成的长期、巨额且持续的贸易逆差。不幸的是，我们的关系远非互惠互利。”
特朗普正在向盟友和敌人宣布一系列新关税，这是他 2024 年竞选的基石，他表示这将为重振美国经济奠定基础，他声称美国经济几十年来一直被其他国家掠夺。
通过互惠关税，特朗普实际上是在破坏世界贸易规则。几十年来，美国和大多数其他国家都遵守通过一系列复杂的谈判（即乌拉圭回合）确定的关税税率。各国可以自行设定关税——但在“最惠国”待遇下，它们不能向一个国家收取高于另一个国家的关税。
加上周六的信函，特朗普目前已对 24 个国家和 27 个欧盟成员国发布了关税条件。
欧盟首席贸易谈判代表本周早些时候表示，一项旨在避免美国对欧洲输美商品加征关税的贸易协议“甚至可能在未来几天内”达成。马罗什·谢夫乔维奇周三在法国斯特拉斯堡对欧盟议员表示，欧盟已免于特朗普周一致函中提出的加征关税，延长谈判将为“达成令人满意的结论提供更多空间”。
欧盟对美国的商品出口总额超过任何其他国家。根据美国贸易代表办公室的数据，2022年美国从欧盟进口的商品总额超过5530亿美元。
4月2日，特朗普提议对欧盟商品征收20%的关税，但由于谈判进展不如他所愿，他威胁将关税提高至50%。塞夫乔维奇并未提及任何关税数字。
在双方谈判期间，加征关税以及欧盟的任何报复措施均已暂停。不过，对大多数贸易伙伴征收10%的基准关税，以及对汽车征收25%的更高关税，对钢铁和铝征收50%的更高关税，均已生效。
前国会预算办公室主任、中右翼美国行动论坛主席道格拉斯·霍尔茨-埃金表示，这些信件证明过去三个月里并没有进行认真的贸易谈判。他强调，各国只是在互相讨论如何最大限度地降低自身对美国经济和特朗普的影响。
霍尔茨-埃金说：“他们花时间互相讨论未来会是什么样子，而我们却被排除在外。”
他补充说，特朗普利用这些信件来引起关注，但“归根结底，这些信件是写给其他国家的，内容是他将向其公民征税。”
美联社驻华盛顿记者乔希·博克（Josh Boak）和驻德国法兰克福记者戴夫·麦克休（Dave McHugh）对本文亦有贡献。
附原英文报道：
Trump announces 30 percent tariffs against European Union and Mexico
By AAMER MADHANI The Associated Press,Updated July 12, 2025, 44 minutes ago
Tractor trailers waited at the Ysleta-Zaragoza International Bridge port of entry on the US-Mexico border in Juarez, Mexico, on Dec. 20.David Peinado/Bloomberg
BRIDGEWATER, New Jersey (AP) — President Donald Trump on Saturday announced he’s levying tariffs of 30% against the European Union and Mexico.
Trump announced the tariffs on two of the United States’ biggest trade partners in letters posted to his social media account.
In his letter to Mexico’s leader, Trump acknowledged that the country has been helpful in stemming the flow of undocumented migrants and fentanyl into the United States. But he said the country has not done enough to stop North America from turning into a “Narco-Trafficking Playground.”
“Mexico has been helping me secure the border, BUT, what Mexico has done, is not enough,” Trump added.
Trump in his letter to the European Union said that the U.S. trade deficit was a national security threat.
“We have had years to discuss our Trading Relationship with The European Union, and we have concluded we must move away from these long-term, large, and persistent, Trade Deficits, engendered by your Tariff, and Non-Tariff, Policies, and Trade Barriers,” Trump wrote in the letter to the EU. “Our relationship has been, unfortunately, far from Reciprocal.”
Trump is in the midst of an announcement blitz of new tariffs with allies and foes alike, a bedrock of his 2024 campaign that he said would set the foundation for reviving a U.S. economy that he claims has been ripped off by other nations for decades.
With the reciprocal tariffs, Trump is effectively blowing up the rules governing world trade. For decades, the United States and most other countries abided by tariff rates set through a series of complex negotiations known as the Uruguay round. Countries could set their own tariffs – but under the “most favored nation’’ approach, they couldn’t charge one country more than they charged another.
With Saturday’s letters, Trump has now issued tariff conditions on 24 countries and the 27-member European Union.
The European Union’s chief trade negotiator said earlier this week that a trade deal to avert higher tariffs on European goods imported to the U.S. could be reached “even in the coming days.” Maroš Šefčovič told EU lawmakers in Strasbourg, France on Wednesday that the EU had been spared the increased tariffs contained in the letters Trump sent on Monday, and that an extension of talks would provide “additional space to reach a satisfactory conclusion.”
The bloc collectively sells more to the U.S. than any other country. U.S. goods imports from the EU topped $553 billion in 2022, according to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative.
Trump on April 2 proposed a 20% tariff for EU goods and then threatened to raise that to 50% after negotiations did not move as fast as he would have liked. Sefcovic did not mention any tariff figures.
The higher tariffs as well as any EU retaliation had been suspended as the two sides negotiate. However the base rate of 10% for most trade partners as well as higher rates of 25% on autos and 50% on steel and aluminum had gone into effect.
Douglas Holtz-Eakin, a former Congressional Budget Office director and president of the center-right American Action Forum, said the letters were evidence that serious trade talks were not taking place over the past three months. He stressed that nations were instead talking amongst themselves about how to minimize their own exposure to the U.S. economy and Trump.
“They’re spending time talking to each other about what the future is going to look like, and we’re left out,” Holtz-Eakin said.
He added that Trump was using the letters to demand attention, but, “In the end, these are letters to other countries about taxes he’s going to levy on his citizens.”
AP writers Josh Boak in Washington and Dave McHugh in Frankfurt, Germany contributed reporting.
