特朗普在伦敦会谈后称赞与中国达成有限贸易协议

【中美创新时报2025 年 6 月 12 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）特朗普总统周三表示，与中国的有限贸易协议已经“达成”，但需获得他和中国国家主席习近平的批准。《华盛顿邮报》记者大卫·J·林奇对此作了下述报道。

该协议是在伦敦经过两天马拉松式谈判后达成的，要求中国恢复向美国汽车制造商和其他制造商供应所需的稀土矿物及相关磁铁。特朗普在“真相社交”（Truth Social）网站上的一篇帖子中表示，届时美国将“向中国提供双方已达成的协议”，包括为中国学生提供赴美留学的签证，但未提供具体细节。

美国国务卿马可·卢比奥（Marco Rubio）5月底表示，他将“坚决撤销”与中国共产党有关系或在“关键领域”学习的中国学生的签证。但总统表示，中国学生在美国校园的存在“对我来说一直是一件好事！”

在指责中国违反贸易战休战协议不到两周后，特朗普周三对中国领导人大加赞赏。

“习近平主席和我将密切合作，推动中国向美国开放贸易。这将是两国的伟大胜利！！！”总统在第二篇“真相社交”帖子中写道。

总统表示，根据续签的贸易休战协议，美国将对中国商品征收55%的关税，中国将对美国产品征收10%的进口税。这两个税率都高于特朗普上任前的水平，但低于今年春天两国分别征收的三位数关税水平。

美国和中国谈判代表周二晚间同意再次尝试执行贸易战休战协议。该协议是在日内瓦早先的一轮谈判中达成的，几周后因双方互相指责而破裂。

商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克在伦敦午夜时分发表讲话，宣布了一项他称之为“握手”的协议，以实施 5 月 12 日美中协议的条款，该协议要求两国降低关税并采取额外措施促进贸易。

“我们已经达成了落实日内瓦共识和两国元首通话的框架，”卢特尼克在谈到6月5日特朗普与习近平的通话时对记者表示。“我认为这对美国非常有利，对中国和中国经济也非常有利。”

谈判人员并未公布旨在缓和美中贸易战的《伦敦框架协议》或此前《日内瓦协议》的文本。但卢特尼克表示，两国将取消在休战协议破裂后各自设立的新贸易壁垒。

这意味着中国预计将允许增加用于汽车和国防生产的关键材料“稀土”的进口。卢特尼克表示，随着稀土出口的增加，美国将“以均衡的方式”取消近期实施的措施。

卢特尼克表示：“我们确实期望，有关美国的稀土矿物和磁铁问题将在该框架的实施中得到解决。”

他没有具体说明美国将取消哪些应对措施。但他的部门已对向中国出口航空航天技术和先进半导体设备实施了一系列限制，中国官员迫切希望取消这些限制。

卢特尼克称，这一外交突破是扩大美中贸易额的第一步。去年，美中贸易额突破了5800亿美元。美国从中国进口的商品是中国消费者从美国进口商品的三倍多。多年来，特朗普一直强烈谴责贸易逆差，认为这是工业衰退的一个表现。

“我们目前存在巨大的贸易逆差，而特朗普总统的根本目标是减少贸易逆差，促进贸易增长。因此，这是我们未来将着手讨论贸易增长框架的第一步。但首先，我们必须消除一些负面情绪，”卢特尼克说。

卢特尼克在兰开斯特宫外向记者介绍情况。兰开斯特宫是一座 19 世纪的宅邸，位于伦敦西区，曾举办过为期两天的会谈。卢特尼克认为，会谈之所以能迅速取得成果，归功于两国总统的参与。

“如果你为特朗普总统工作，你就必须把事情做好。我确信他们觉得必须把事情做好，因为他们是在为习近平主席工作，”他说。

美国代表团还包括财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）和美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔（Jamieson Greer）。贝森特提前几个小时离开谈判桌，以便及时返回华盛顿，于周三出席国会听证会。

中国代表团由习近平的亲密盟友、国务院副总理何立峰率领。

据中国官方媒体报道，中国商务部副部长李成钢表示，此次会谈“专业、理性、深入、坦诚”，北京希望会谈“有利于增进中美之间的信任”。

北京大学经济学家姚洋表示，北京和华盛顿在贸易紧张局势下进行谈判是积极的。

“中国政府的立场一直是，你想打，我们就打。但打的目的不仅仅是为了打，而是为了谈判做准备，或者把对方拉到谈判桌前，”他说。

然而，尽管美中关系在新一轮稳固发展的努力中取得了进展，格里尔也承认双方存在诸多分歧。特朗普政府抱怨中国的政策助长了其认为的制成品过剩生产，这压低了全球价格，损害了美国工厂工人的利益。

“有些事情，中美经济就是不太契合。其他事情，或许契合。未来会就此展开更广泛的对话，”他说。

为期90天的暂停征收三位数关税的措施，实际上相当于美中贸易禁运，将于8月12日到期。在回答有关延期前景的问题时，格里尔表示，这将由总统决定。

预计将进行进一步谈判，但尚未商定日期。

周二，特朗普政府取得了一场法律胜利：联邦上诉法院裁定，总统对中国征收的许多关税可以保留，同时政府对下级法院认定这些关税非法的裁决提起上诉。

国际贸易法院是纽约一个鲜为人知的专门法院，该法院上个月裁定，特朗普援引紧急权力对来自中国和其他国家的进口产品征收关税，超越了其权限。

特朗普政府迅速提起上诉，上诉法院暂停了下级法院的裁决。周二，上诉法院表示，在上诉裁决期间，这一暂停措施可能会持续。

美国联邦巡回上诉法院周二表示：“法院还得出结论，这些案件提出了极其重要的问题，有必要在一审中加快全庭审理其案情。” 上诉法院表示将加快审理此案，并于7月31日进行辩论。

题图：特朗普总统。Evan Vucci/美联社

附原英文报道：

Trump hails limited trade agreement with China after talks in London

By David J. Lynch The Washington Post,Updated June 11, 2025, 5:47 p.m.

President Trump.Evan Vucci/Associated Press

WASHINGTON —President Trump said Wednesday that a limited trade deal with China was “done,” pending his approval and that of Chinese President Xi Jinping.

The agreement, hammered out during two days of marathon talks in London, calls for China to resume shipments of rare-earth minerals and related magnets needed by US automakers and other manufacturers. The United States then will “PROVIDE CHINA WHAT WAS AGREED TO,” including visas for Chinese students to attend American universities, the president said in a post on Truth Social, without providing details.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio said at the end of May that he would “aggressively revoke” visas for Chinese students with ties to the Chinese Communist Party or who were studying in “critical fields.” But the president said the presence of Chinese students on US campuses “HAS ALWAYS BEEN GOOD WITH ME!”

Less than two weeks after accusing China of violating a trade-war truce, Trump on Wednesday had nothing but praise for the Chinese leader.

“President Xi and I are going to work closely together to open up China to American Trade. This would be a great WIN for both countries!!!” the president wrote in a second Truth Social post.

Under the renewed truce, the United States will impose a 55 percent tariff on Chinese goods, and China will hit American products with a 10 percent import tax, the president said. Those are both higher rates than before Trump took office, but lower than the triple-digit tariff levels that each nation imposed this spring.

US and Chinese negotiators agreed late Tuesday to try again to implement the trade-war truce that collapsed amid recriminations on both sides just weeks after it was reached during an earlier round of talks in Geneva.

Speaking near midnight in London, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick announced what he called a “handshake” deal to put into effect the terms of the May 12 US-China agreement that called for both nations to lower their tariffs and take additional steps to facilitate trade.

“We have reached a framework to implement the Geneva consensus and the call between the two presidents,” Lutnick told reporters, referring to a June 5 telephone conversation between Trump and Xi. “I think it’s really beneficial to the United States of America. It’s very beneficial to the Chinese and the China economy.”

Negotiators released no text of either the London framework or the earlier Geneva accord to de-escalate the US-China trade war. But Lutnick said both nations would remove new trade barriers they had erected as the truce broke down.

That means China is expected to permit an increased flow of critical materials known as “rare earths” for auto and defense production. As those shipments increase, the United States will lift measures that it imposed recently “in a balanced way,” Lutnick said.

“We do absolutely expect that the topic of rare-earth minerals and magnets, with respect to the United States of America, will be resolved in this framework implementation,” Lutnick said.

He did not specify which US measures would be lifted in response. But his department has implemented a number of restrictions on exports to China of aerospace technology and advanced semiconductor equipment, which Chinese officials urgently want removed.

Lutnick described the diplomatic breakthrough as the first step toward expanding US-China trade, which topped $580 billion last year. The United States buys more than three times as much from China as Chinese customers buy from Americans, a trade deficit that the president has inveighed against for years as a measure of industrial decline.

“We have an existing, significant trade deficit, and President Trump’s fundamental goal is to reduce the trade deficit and increase trade. So this was the first step of the framework by which we will then approach and discuss growing trade. But first we had to sort of get the negativity out,” Lutnick said.

Briefing reporters outside Lancaster House, the 19th-century mansion in London’s West End that hosted two days of talks, Lutnick credited the involvement of both presidents with producing quick results.

“You have to get things done if you’re working for President Trump. I’m sure they felt they had to get it done because they were working for President Xi,” he said.

The US delegation also included Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. Bessent left the talks a few hours early to return to Washington in time to appear before Congress on Wednesday.

The Chinese team was led by Vice Premier He Lifeng, a close associate of Xi.

In China, Li Chenggang, China’s vice commerce minister, said the talks were “professional, rational, in-depth and candid,” according to Chinese state media, and Beijing hopes the discussions will “be conducive to increasing trust between China and the United States.”

Yao Yang, an economist at Peking University, said the fact that Beijing and Washington engaged in negotiations amid bitter trade tensions is positive.

“The Chinese government’s stance has always been, if you want to fight, we are going to take it. But the purpose of fighting is not just for the sake of fighting, it is to prepare for negotiation or to bring the other side to the negotiation table,” he said.

Yet even as the latest attempt to put US-China relations on a sound footing moved forward, Greer nodded to the long list of issues that divide the two sides. The Trump administration has complained about Chinese policies that fuel what it sees as excess production of manufactured goods, which depress global prices and hurt American factory workers.

“There are some things that the Chinese and US economies, they just don’t fit together very well. Other things, maybe they do. And there’ll be a time for broader conversations on that,” he said.

The 90-day pause on triple-digit tariffs that amounted to a de facto US-China trade embargo expires Aug. 12. In response to a question about prospects for an extension, Greer said that would be up to the president.

Further talks are expected, though no date has been agreed to yet.

The Trump administration notched a legal win Tuesday when a federal appeals court ruled that many of the tariffs the president imposed on China can remain while the government appeals a lower-court ruling that found they were illegal.

The Court of International Trade, a little-known specialized court in New York, ruled last month that Trump exceeded his authority by invoking emergency powers to impose tariffs on imports from China and other nations.

The Trump administration quickly appealed and the appeals court temporarily paused the lower court’s decision. On Tuesday, it said that pause could stay in place while the appeal was decided.

“The court also concludes that these cases present issues of exceptional importance warranting expedited en banc consideration of the merits in the first instance,” the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said Tuesday. The appeals court said it would expedite the issue and hear arguments July 31.