美国和中国放弃高额关税，并同意暂停 90 天以进行进一步谈判
【中美创新时报2025 年 5 月 12 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）美国和中国官员周一表示，双方已达成协议，取消近期大部分关税，并宣布贸易战休战 90 天，以便就解决贸易争端进行更多谈判。美联社对此作了下述报道。
随着全球两大经济大国在这场扰乱全球经济的冲突中有所缓和，股市大幅上涨。经济学家警告称，关税水平仍高于以往，未来谈判结果也存在不确定性。
美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔表示，美国同意将对中国商品征收的145%关税降低115个百分点至30%，中国同意将对美国商品征收的关税降低相同幅度至10%。
一项协议避免了全面封锁
格里尔和财政部长斯科特·贝森特在日内瓦的新闻发布会上宣布了降低关税的举措。
两位官员态度积极，表示双方已安排磋商，继续讨论贸易问题。贝森特在为期两天的谈判后的新闻发布会上表示，高额关税将导致双方商品完全被禁——这是双方都不希望看到的结果。
“本周末双方代表团的共识是，双方都不希望脱钩，”贝森特说。“这些高额关税……实际上是一种禁运，相当于禁运。双方都不希望这样。我们确实希望贸易。”
“我们希望贸易更加平衡，”他说。“我认为双方都致力于实现这一目标。”
在数十名瑞士警察的护送下，代表团在城内参观，并在周末两天在一座阳光明媚的 17 世纪别墅举行了至少十几个小时的会议，这座别墅是瑞士驻日内瓦联合国大使的官邸。
有时，代表团领导会离开工作人员，坐在别墅露台上的沙发上，俯瞰日内瓦湖，这有助于加深个人关系，从而达成一项备受期待的协议。
最终达成协议
中国商务部表示，双方同意取消对方91%的关税，并暂停加征24%的关税90天，使双方关税总降幅达到115个百分点。
该部称该协议是解决两国分歧的重要一步，并为进一步合作奠定了基础。
商务部在一份声明中表示：“这一倡议符合两国生产者和消费者的期望，符合两国利益以及世界共同利益。”
中方希望美方停止单边加征关税的错误做法，与中方共同维护两国经贸关系健康发展，为全球经济注入更多确定性和稳定性。
两国发表的联合声明称，中方还同意暂停或取消自4月2日以来为应对美方关税措施而采取的其他措施。
中国加强了对稀土的出口管制，包括一些对国防工业至关重要的稀土元素，并将更多美国公司列入出口管制和不可靠实体名单，限制它们与中国开展业务。
双方关系缓和，市场上涨
华盛顿和北京实施的复杂关税及其他贸易制裁措施的全面影响尚不明朗。很大程度上取决于双方能否在90天的暂停期内找到弥合长期分歧的方法。
贝森特在接受CNBC采访时表示，美中官员将在几周后再次会晤。
但投资者却欣喜地发现，全球两大经济体的贸易特使都已做出让步，找到了避免对世界贸易和本国市场造成潜在大规模破坏的方法。
标准普尔500指数期货上涨2.6%，道琼斯工业平均指数上涨2%。油价飙升至每桶1.60美元以上，美元兑欧元和日元走强。
“这是一次实质性的缓和，”凯投宏观(Capital Economics)首席亚洲经济学家马克·威廉姆斯(Mark Williams)表示。但他警告说，“90天的休战协议并不能保证最终实现持久停火。”
哈佛大学经济学家丹尼·罗德里克表示，两国已“退出了一场不必要的贸易战”，但美国对中国的关税仍高达30%，并且“将主要损害美国消费者的利益”。
罗德里克在蓝天网 (Bluesky) 上发帖称，“特朗普制造的所有混乱并没有从中国得到任何好处。什么也没有。”
特朗普上个月将美国对华关税提高至145%，中国则对美国进口产品征收125%的反击关税。如此高的关税实际上相当于两国互相抵制对方产品，扰乱了去年超过6600亿美元的贸易。
美国和中国的声明引发股市飙升，美国期货上涨逾2%。香港恒生指数飙升近3%，德国和法国基准股指均上涨0.7%。
特朗普政府已对世界各国征收关税，但其与中国的斗争最为激烈。特朗普对中国商品征收的进口税中，有一项是20%的关税，原因是特朗普认为北京方面在阻止用于制造合成阿片类药物芬太尼的前体化学品贩运方面做得不够。
康奈尔大学贸易政策教授埃斯瓦尔·普拉萨德表示：“关税从高位降至仅仅高位，加上未来关税走向的不确定性，仍将对两大经济体之间的贸易和投资流动构成制约。”
他说：“尽管如此，美国关税最终可能会成为重大的贸易壁垒，但不会成为完全阻碍国际贸易的不可逾越的壁垒，这对世界经济来说是一个积极的预兆。”
题图：周一，美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔（左）和财政部长斯科特·贝森特在瑞士日内瓦就中美贸易问题举行了为期两天的闭门会谈后，出席了新闻发布会。图片来源：Jean-Christophe Bott/美联社
附原英文报道：
US and China take a step back from sky-high tariffs and agree to pause for 90 days for more talks
By The Associated PressUpdated May 12, 2025, 4 minutes ago
Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, left, and Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent took part in a press conference after two days of closed-door discussions on trade between the United States and China, in Geneva, Switzerland, on Monday.Jean-Christophe Bott/Associated Press
GENEVA (AP) — U.S. and Chinese officials said Monday they had reached a deal to roll back most of their recent tariffs and call a 90-day truce in their trade war to allow for more talks on resolving their trade disputes.
Stock markets rose sharply as the globe’s two major economic powers took a step back from a clash that has unsettled the global economy. Economists warned that tariffs still remained higher than before and that the outcome of future talks was uncertain.
U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said the U.S. agreed to drop its 145% tariff rate on Chinese goods by 115 percentage points to 30%, while China agreed to lower its rate on U.S. goods by the same amount to 10%.
A deal averts a total blockade
Greer and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced the tariff reductions at a news conference in Geneva.
The two officials struck a positive tone as they said the two sides had set up consultations to continue discussing their trade issues. Bessent said at the news briefing following two days of talks that the high tariff levels would have amounted to a complete blockage of each side’s goods — an outcome neither side wants.
“The consensus from both delegations this weekend is neither side wants a decoupling,” Bessent said. “And what had occurred with these very high tariff … was an embargo, the equivalent of an embargo. And neither side wants that. We do want trade.”
“We want more balanced trade,” he said. “And I think that both sides are committed to achieving that.”
The delegations, escorted around town and guarded by scores of Swiss police, met for at least a dozen hours on both days of the weekend at a sunbaked 17th-century villa that serves as the official residence of the Swiss ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva.
At times, the delegation leaders broke away from their staffs and settled into sofas on the villa’s patios overlooking Lake Geneva, helping deepen personal ties in the effort to reach a much-sought deal.
Finally, a deal
China’s Commerce Ministry said the two sides agreed to cancel 91% in tariffs on each other’s goods and suspend another 24% in tariffs for 90 days, bringing the total reduction to 115 percentage points.
The ministry called the agreement an important step for the resolution of the two countries’ differences and said it lays the foundation for further cooperation.
“This initiative aligns with the expectations of producers and consumers in both countries and serves the interests of both nations as well as the common interests of the world,” a ministry statement said.
China hopes the United States will stop “the erroneous practice of unilateral tariff hikes” and work with China to safeguard the development of their economic and trade relations, injecting more certainty and stability into the global economy, the ministry said.
The joint statement issued by the two countries said China also agreed to suspend or remove other measures it has taken since April 2 in response to the U.S. tariffs.
China has increased export controls on rare earths, including some critical to the defense industry and added more American companies to its export control and unreliable entity lists, restricting their business with and in China.
Markets rally as two sides de-escalate
The full impact on the complicated tariffs and other trade penalties enacted by Washington and Beijing remains unclear. And much depends on whether they will find ways to bridge longstanding differences during the 90-day suspension.
Bessent said in an interview with CNBC that U.S. and Chinese officials will meet again in a few weeks.
But investors rejoiced as trade envoys from the world’s two biggest economies blinked, finding ways to pull back from potentially massive disruptions to world trade and their own markets.
Futures for the S&P 500 jumped 2.6% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 2%. Oil prices surged more than $1.60 a barrel and the dollar gained against the euro and the Japanese yen.
“This is a substantial de-escalation,” said Mark Williams, chief Asia economist at Capital Economics. But he warned “there is no guarantee that the 90-day truce will give way to a lasting ceasefire.”
Dani Rodrik, an economist at Harvard University, said that the two countries had stepped back “from a needless trade war’’ but that U.S. tariffs on China remain high at 30% “and will mainly hurt U.S. consumers.’’
Posting on Bluesky, Rodrik wrote that “Trump has obtained absolutely nothing from China for all the chaos he generated. Zilch.’’
Trump last month raised U.S. tariffs on China to a combined 145%, and China retaliated by hitting American imports with a 125% levy. Tariffs that high essentially amount to the two countries boycotting each other’s products, disrupting trade that last year topped $660 billion.
The announcement by the U.S. and China sent shares surging, with U.S. futures jumping more than 2%. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index surged nearly 3% and benchmarks in Germany and France were both up 0.7%
The Trump administration has imposed tariffs on countries worldwide, but its fight with China has been the most intense. Trump’s import taxes on goods from China include a 20% charge imposed because Trump says Beijing has not done enough to stop trafficking in the precursor chemicals used to make the synthetic opioid fentanyl.
“The drop from sky-high to merely high tariffs, along with the uncertainty about the path of future tariffs, will still serve as a constraint on trade and investment flows between the two economies,” said Eswar Prasad, professor of trade policy at Cornell University.
“Nevertheless, it is a positive omen for the world economy that U.S. tariffs might eventually end up as significant trade barriers but not unsurmountable walls that block off international trade altogether,’’ he said.
