特朗普表示将于周六对加拿大、墨西哥和中国征收关税

【中美创新时报2025 年 2 月 1 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）唐纳德·特朗普总统周五表示，他将对来自加拿大和墨西哥的进口产品征收 25% 的关税，对来自中国的商品征收 10% 的关税，自周六起生效，这引发了美国消费者价格迅速上涨的担忧，他暗示将试图减轻对石油进口的影响。美联社记者ZEKE MILLER、AAMER MADHANI 和 JOSH BOAK对此作了下述报道。

特朗普一直威胁要征收关税，以确保这些国家在阻止非法移民和芬太尼化学品走私方面加强合作，但他也承诺利用关税来促进国内制造业并增加联邦政府的收入。

“从明天开始，这些关税将生效，”白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特周五早些时候告诉记者。“这些都是总统做出的承诺，也信守了承诺。”特朗普后来在椭圆形办公室对记者说，这三个国家无法阻止关税于周六生效。

关税对特朗普来说既有政治风险，也有经济风险，他的第二任期才刚刚开始两周。许多选民支持这位共和党人，因为他承诺可以抑制通胀，但征收关税的可能性可能会引发价格上涨，并可能扰乱能源、汽车、木材和农业部门。

特朗普曾表示，他正在考虑对加拿大和墨西哥的石油进口实行豁免。周五，他表示正在考虑降低石油关税，但尚不清楚周六签署命令时是否会实施这一较低税率。

特朗普在谈到石油时表示：“我可能会稍微降低关税。我们认为我们会把关税降至 10%。”

美国能源信息署称，10 月份美国每天从加拿大进口近 460 万桶石油，从墨西哥进口 56.3 万桶石油。当月美国日均产量接近 1350 万桶。

特朗普此前曾表示，对中国进口产品征收 10% 的关税，这还不包括对中国产品征收的其他进口税。

莱维特讲话后不久，标准普尔 500 股票指数出现抛售，并基本抹去了当天的涨幅。

“我们应该预计这三个国家都会进行报复，”前美国贸易谈判代表温迪·卡特勒说。中国对特朗普第一任期内对中国商品征收的关税做出了激烈回应，针对美国农村地区总统的支持者对美国农产品出口征收报复性关税。

加拿大和墨西哥都表示，他们已经准备好在必要时使用报复性关税的选项，这反过来可能会引发更广泛的贸易冲突，从而影响经济分析称，这可能会损害经济增长并进一步加速通胀。

加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多周五表示，如果特朗普继续征收关税，加拿大已做好准备作出回应，但他没有透露细节。

“我们已准备好作出回应，有目的的、有力的但合理的、立即的回应，”他说。“这不是我们想要的，但如果他继续前进，我们也会采取行动。”

特鲁多表示，关税将给美国带来“灾难性的后果”，使美国就业面临风险，并导致物价上涨。特鲁多重申，不到1%的芬太尼和非法越境进入美国来自加拿大。

墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·谢因鲍姆周五表示，墨西哥自特朗普重返白宫前就一直与特朗普团队保持对话，但她强调，墨西哥有“计划A、计划B、计划C，以应对美国政府的决定。”

“现在，让墨西哥人民知道，我们始终会捍卫我们人民的尊严，我们始终会捍卫对我们主权的尊重，以及我们一直所说的平等对话，不服从任何一方”，Sheinbaum 说。

中国驻华盛顿大使馆发言人刘鹏宇表示，两国应通过对话协商解决分歧。刘鹏宇在一份声明中表示：“贸易战或关税战没有赢家，这不符合任何一方或世界的利益。尽管存在分歧，但我们两国有着巨大的共同利益和合作空间。”

彼得森国际经济研究所的沃里克·麦克吉宾和马库斯·诺兰本月的一项研究得出结论，对加拿大和墨西哥征收 25% 的关税以及对中国征收 10% 的关税“将损害包括美国在内的所有相关经济体”。

该研究称：“对墨西哥来说，25% 的关税将是灾难性的。”此外，关税造成的经济衰退可能会增加墨西哥移民非法越境进入美国的动机——这与特朗普政府的另一项优先事项直接相悖。”

现任亚洲协会政策研究所副总裁的卡特勒表示，经济损失的程度将取决于关税生效的时间。

如果只是几天，“那是一回事。如果关税持续数周甚至数月，我们将看到供应链中断，美国制造商的成本上升，导致美国消费者的价格上涨，”她说。“这可能会产生宏观经济影响。它可能会影响股市。然后在国际上，它可能会导致我们与贸易伙伴的关系更加紧张，使我们更难与他们合作。”

美联社记者吉姆·莫里斯 (Jim Morris) 在加拿大温哥华和克里斯托弗·谢尔曼 (Christopher Sherman) 在墨西哥城撰稿。

题图：白宫新闻秘书 Karoline Leavitt 于 2025 年 1 月 31 日星期五在华盛顿白宫举行的新闻发布会上发表讲话。Evan Vucci/美联社

附原英文报道：

Trump says he’ll place tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China on Saturday

By ZEKE MILLER, AAMER MADHANI and JOSH BOAK The Associated Press,Updated January 31, 2025 

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt speaks during a press briefing at the White House, Friday, Jan. 31, 2025, in Washington.Evan Vucci/Associated Press

WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump said Friday he would place 25% tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico and 10% tariffs on goods from China effective on Saturday, raising the specter of swift price increases for U.S. consumers as he suggested he would try to blunt the impact on oil imports.

Trump had been threatening the tariffs to ensure greater cooperation from the countries on stopping illegal immigration and the smuggling of chemicals used for fentanyl, but he has also pledged to use tariffs to boost domestic manufacturing and raise revenues for the federal government.

“Starting tomorrow, those tariffs will be in place,” White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told reporters earlier Friday. “These are promises made and promises kept by the president.” Speaking to reporters in the Oval Office later, Trump said there was nothing the three countries could do to prevent the tariffs from going into force on Saturday.

The tariffs carry both political and economic risks for Trump, who is just two weeks into his second term. Many voters backed the Republican on the promise that he could tamp down inflation, but the possibility of tariffs could trigger higher prices and potentially disrupt the energy, auto, lumber and agricultural sectors.

Trump had said he was weighing issuing an exemption for Canadian and Mexican oil imports He said Friday that he was considering a lower tariff rate on oil, but it was unclear if that lower rate would be in place when he signs the order on Saturday.

″I’m probably going to reduce the tariff a little bit on that,” Trump said of oil. “We think we’re going to bring it down to 10%.”

The United States imported almost 4.6 million barrels of oil daily from Canada in October and 563,000 barrels from Mexico, according to the Energy Information Administration. U.S. daily production during that month averaged nearly 13.5 million barrels a day.

Trump has previously stated a 10% tariff on Chinese imports would be on top of other import taxes charged on products from the country.

Shortly after Leavitt spoke, the S&P 500 stock index sold off and largely erased its gains on the day.

“We should expect all three countries to retaliate,’’ said Wendy Cutler, a former U.S. trade negotiator. China responded aggressively to tariffs Trump imposed on Chinese goods during his first term, targeting the president’s supporters in rural America with retaliatory taxes on U.S. farm exports.

Both Canada and Mexico have said they’ve prepared the option of retaliatory tariffs to be used if necessary, which in turn could trigger a wider trade conflict that economic analyses say could hurt growth and further accelerate inflation.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Friday that Canada is ready is a respond if Trump goes ahead with the tariffs, but he did not give details.

“We’re ready with a response, a purposeful, forceful but reasonable, immediate response,” he said. “It’s not what we want, but if he moves forward, we will also act.”

Trudeau said tariffs would have “disastrous consequences” for the U.S, putting American jobs at risk and causing prices to rise. Trudeau reiterated that less than 1% of the fentanyl and illegal crossings into the U.S. come from Canada.

Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum said Friday that Mexico has maintained a dialogue with Trump’s team since before he returned to the White House, but she emphasized that Mexico has a “Plan A, Plan B, Plan C for what the United States government decides.”

“Now it is very important that the Mexican people know that we are always going to defend the dignity of our people, we are always going to defend the respect of our sovereignty and a dialogue between equals, as we have always said, without subordination,” Sheinbaum said.

Liu Pengyu, spokesman for the Chinese embassy in Washington, said the two countries should resolve their differences through dialogue and consultation. “There is no winner in a trade war or tariff war, which serves the interests of neither side nor the world,” Liu said in a statement. “Despite the differences, our two countries share huge common interests and space for cooperation.‘’

A study this month by Warwick McKibbin and Marcus Noland of the Peterson Institute for International Economics concluded that the 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico and 10% tariffs on China “would damage all the economies involved, including the U.S.’’

“For Mexico,’’ the study said, “a 25% tariff would be catastrophic. Moreover, the economic decline caused by the tariff could increase the incentives for Mexican immigrants to cross the border illegally into the U.S. — directly contradicting another Trump administration priority.’’

Cutler, now vice president at the Asia Society Policy Institute, said the extent of the economic damage will depend on how long the tariffs are in effect.

If it’s just a few days, “that’s one thing. If they are in place for weeks onto months, we’re going to see supply chain disruptions, higher costs for U.S. manufacturers, leading to higher prices for U.S. consumers,’’ she said. “It could have macroeconomic impacts. It could affect the stock market. Then internationally it could lead to more tension with our trading partners and make it harder for us to work with them.‘’

AP writers Jim Morris in Vancouver, Canada, and Christopher Sherman in Mexico City contributed.