特朗普称不会在关税问题上让步，称其为市场动荡的“良药”

【中美创新时报2025 年 4 月 7 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）唐纳德·特朗普总统周日表示，除非各国平衡与美国的贸易，否则他不会放弃对全球大多数进口产品征收的全面关税。特朗普坚持实施这些税收的计划。这些税收已导致金融市场动荡，引发人们对经济衰退的担忧，并颠覆了全球贸易体系。美联社记者ADRIANA GOMEZ LICON 和 FATIMA HUSSEIN对此作了下述报道。

特朗普在空军一号上对记者表示，他不希望全球市场下跌，但也不担心大规模抛售，并补充说，“有时候你需要吃药来解决问题。”

在他发表上述言论之际，全球金融市场似乎有望在周一恢复交易后继续大幅下跌，而特朗普的助手们试图缓解市场担忧，称已有 50 多个国家就启动取消关税的谈判达成一致。

“我与很多领导人进行了交谈，欧洲的、亚洲的，还有世界各地的，”特朗普说。“他们迫切希望达成协议。我说，我们不会与贵国产生赤字。我们不会这样做，因为对我而言，赤字就是损失。我们将实现盈余，或者在最坏的情况下，实现收支平衡。”

更高的税率将于周三开始征收，这将开启一个经济不确定性的新时代，而且看不到结束的迹象。财政部长斯科特·贝森特表示，不公平的贸易行为不是“几天或几周就能通过谈判解决的那种事情”。他说，美国必须看看“各国的提议是什么，以及这些提议是否可信”。

周末在佛罗里达打高尔夫球的特朗普在网上发文称：“我们会赢。坚持下去，这不会容易。”周日，他的内阁成员和经济顾问们纷纷为关税辩护，并淡化其对全球经济的影响。

“经济衰退不一定会到来。谁知道市场一天、一周后会如何反应呢？”贝森特说。“我们关注的是建立长期繁荣的经济基础。”

由于关税继续扰乱市场，美国股指期货周日晚下跌。标准普尔 500 指数期货下跌 2.5%，道琼斯工业平均指数期货下跌 2.1%。纳斯达克期货下跌 3.1%。即使是上周相对稳定的比特币价格，周日也下跌了近 6%。

与此同时，亚洲股市暴跌。东京日经 225 指数开盘后不久下跌近 8%。截至午盘，该指数下跌 6%。此前美国期货大幅下跌后，东证指数期货交易暂停。中国股市也大幅下跌，香港恒生指数下跌 9.4%，上证综合指数下跌 6.2%。

特朗普于 4 月 2 日宣布的关税闪电战兑现了一项关键的竞选承诺，即在没有国会的情况下重新制定全球贸易规则。特朗普几十年来一直在酝酿这一举措，他长期以来一直谴责对外贸易协定对美国不公平。他赌的是选民愿意忍受日常用品价格上涨，以实现他的经济愿景。

各国正在努力想办法应对关税，中国和其他国家也迅速采取了报复措施。

白宫首席经济顾问凯文·哈塞特承认，其他国家“感到愤怒并打算报复”，但他表示，“顺便说一下，他们也来到谈判桌前。”他援引美国贸易代表办公室的报告称，已有 50 多个国家联系白宫，希望开始谈判。

雪上加霜的是，新的关税不仅打击了美国的盟友，也打击了美国的对手，包括面临 17% 关税的以色列。以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡将于周一访问白宫，并与特朗普举行新闻发布会。内塔尼亚胡办公室表示，关税问题将与加沙战争和其他问题一起成为与特朗普讨论的焦点。

美国的另一个盟友越南也与美国政府就关税问题进行了接触。越南是服装的主要制造中心。特朗普表示，越南领导人在电话中表示，如果能与美国达成协议，越南“愿意将关税降至零”。而美国的重要欧洲伙伴、意大利总理乔治娅·梅洛尼表示，她不同意特朗普的举动，但“准备部署所有必要的工具——谈判和经济手段——来支持我们的企业和可能受到惩罚的行业。”

商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克（Howard Lutnick）明确表示不会推迟即将实施的关税。

“关税即将到来。当然会的，”他说，并补充说特朗普需要重新设定全球贸易。但他只承诺让这些关税“肯定”会“持续几天和几周”。

在国会，特朗普领导的共和党长期以来一直倡导自由贸易，关税法案受到了赞扬，但也引发了极大的不安。

几名共和党参议员已经签署了一项新的两党法案，该法案要求总统向国会解释新关税的合理性。然后，议员们必须在 60 天内批准这些关税，否则这些关税将失效。内布拉斯加州共和党众议员唐·培根周日表示，他将提出众议院版本的法案，并表示国会需要恢复其对关税的权力。

“我们把部分权力交给了行政部门。事后看来，我认为那是一个错误，”培根表示，并补充说，除非金融市场继续做出负面反应，且通胀和失业率等其他指标发生变化，否则法案的通过将非常困难。

怀俄明州参议院共和党领导层二号人物约翰·巴拉索表示，特朗普“正在做他有权做的事情”。但他承认，“人们感到担忧，全国各地都感到担忧。人们正在关注市场。”

“参议院将会进行讨论，”巴拉索在谈到关税问题时表示。“我们将拭目以待讨论的进展。”

特朗普政府成本削减专家、亿万富翁埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 对特朗普的关税一直保持相对沉默，但在意大利周末活动上表示，他希望看到美国和欧洲走向“零关税局面”。这位领导特朗普政府效率部的特斯拉车主的言论遭到了白宫贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗的谴责。

“埃隆在 DOGE 赛道上表现得很棒。但我们明白这里发生了什么。我们必须明白。埃隆卖汽车，”纳瓦罗说。他补充道：“他只是在保护自己的利益，就像任何商人都会做的那样。”

特朗普表示他不同意马斯克的观点，周日他谈到欧盟时说：“他们想谈判，但除非他们每年向我们支付大笔资金，否则就没法谈判。”

曾在民主党总统比尔·克林顿政府担任财政部长的经济学家劳伦斯·萨默斯表示，如果特朗普和他的经济团队表示有意振兴制造业，但同时又愿意与贸易伙伴进行谈判，那么他们发出的信息就是相互矛盾的。

他说，如果其他国家取消关税，而美国也取消关税，“那么这只是一项协议，我们既不会增加任何收入，也不会让任何企业迁往美国。如果这是一个永久性的收入来源，并试图让企业迁往美国，那么我们将永久征收这些关税。所以总统不能两全其美。”

贝森特参加了美国全国广播公司 (NBC) 的《与媒体见面》节目，哈塞特和萨默斯参加了美国广播公司 (ABC) 的《本周》节目，卢特尼克和巴拉索参加了美国哥伦比亚广播公司 (CBS) 的《面向全国》节目，纳瓦罗接受了福克斯新闻频道《周日早间期货》节目的采访。

戈麦斯·利孔在佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡报道。美联社驻罗马记者吉亚达·赞帕诺对本报道亦有贡献。

题图：4 月 6 日，特朗普总统乘坐海军陆战队一号抵达白宫，在华盛顿南草坪上行走。Manuel Balce Ceneta/美联社

附原英文报道：

Trump says he’s not backing down on tariffs, calls them ‘medicine’ as markets reel

By ADRIANA GOMEZ LICON and FATIMA HUSSEIN The Associated Press,Updated April 6, 2025

President Trump walks on the South Lawn as he arrives at the White House on Marine One, April 6, in Washington.Manuel Balce Ceneta/Associated Press

WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. (AP) — President Donald Trump said Sunday that he won’t back down on his sweeping tariffs on imports from most of the world unless countries even out their trade with the U.S., digging in on his plans to implement the taxes that have sent financial markets reeling, raised fears of a recession and upended the global trading system.

Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One, Trump said he didn’t want global markets to fall, but also that he wasn’t concerned about the massive sell-off either, adding, “sometimes you have to take medicine to fix something.”

His comments came as global financial markets appeared on track to continue sharp declines once trading resumes Monday, and after Trump’s aides sought to soothe market concerns by saying more than 50 nations had reached out about launching negotiations to lift the tariffs.

“I spoke to a lot of leaders, European, Asian, from all over the world,” Trump said. ”They’re dying to make a deal. And I said, we’re not going to have deficits with your country. We’re not going to do that, because to me a deficit is a loss. We’re going to have surpluses or at worst, going to be breaking even.”

The higher rates are set to be collected beginning Wednesday, ushering in a new era of economic uncertainty with no clear end in sight. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said unfair trade practices are not “the kind of thing you can negotiate away in days or weeks.” The United States, he said, must see “what the countries offer and whether it’s believable.”

Trump, who spent the weekend in Florida playing golf, posted online that “WE WILL WIN. HANG TOUGH, it won’t be easy.” His Cabinet members and economic advisers were out in force Sunday defending the tariffs and downplaying the consequences for the global economy.

“There doesn’t have to be a recession. Who knows how the market is going to react in a day, in a week?” Bessent said. “What we are looking at is building the long-term economic fundamentals for prosperity.”

U.S. stock futures dropped on Sunday night as the tariffs continued to roil the markets. S&P 500 futures were down 2.5% while that for the Dow Jones Industrial Average shed 2.1%. Nasdaq futures were down 3.1%. Even the price of bitcoin, which held relatively stable last week, fell nearly 6% Sunday.

Asian shares, meanwhile, nosedived. Tokyo’s Nikkei 225 index lost nearly 8% shortly after the market opened. By midday, it was down 6%. A circuit breaker briefly suspended trading of Topix futures after an earlier sharp fall in U.S. futures. Chinese markets also tumbled, with Hong Kong’s Hang Seng dropping 9.4%, while the Shanghai Composite index lost 6.2%.

Trump’s tariff blitz, announced April 2, fulfilled a key campaign promise as he acted without Congress to redraw the rules of global trade. It was a move decades in the making for Trump, who has long denounced foreign trade deals as unfair to the U.S. He is gambling that voters will be willing to endure higher prices for everyday items to enact his economic vision.

Countries are scrambling to figure out how to respond to the tariffs, with China and others retaliating quickly.

Top White House economic adviser Kevin Hassett acknowledged that other countries are “angry and retaliating,” and, he said, “by the way, coming to the table.” He cited the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative as reporting that more than 50 nations had reached out to the White House to begin talks.

Adding to the turmoil, the new tariffs are hitting American allies and adversaries alike, including Israel, which is facing a 17% tariff. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is set to visit the White House and speak at a press conference with Trump on Monday, with his office saying the tariffs would be a point of discussion with Trump along with the war in Gaza and other issues.

Another American ally, Vietnam, a major manufacturing center for clothing, has also been in touch with the administration about the tariffs. Trump said Vietnam’s leader said in a telephone call that his country “wants to cut their Tariffs down to ZERO if they are able to make an agreement with the U.S.” And a key European partner, Italian Premier Giorgia Meloni, said she disagreed with Trump’s move but was “ready to deploy all the tools — negotiating and economic — necessary to support our businesses and our sectors that may be penalized.”

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick made clear there was no postponing tariffs that are days away.

“The tariffs are coming. Of course they are,” he said, adding that Trump needed to reset global trade. But he committed only to having them “definitely” remain “for days and weeks.”

In Congress, where Trump’s Republican Party has long championed free trade, the tariff regiment has been met with applause but also significant unease.

Several Republican senators have already signed onto a new bipartisan bill that would require presidents to justify new tariffs to Congress. Lawmakers would then have to approve the tariffs within 60 days, or they would expire. Nebraska GOP Rep. Don Bacon said Sunday that he would introduce a House version of the bill, saying that Congress needs to restores its powers over tariffs.

“We gave some of that power to the executive branch. I think, in hindsight, that was a mistake,” said Bacon, adding that getting a measure passed would be challenging unless the financial markets continue to react negatively and other indicators such as inflation and unemployment shift.

Wyoming’s John Barrasso, the No. 2 member of the Senate’s GOP leadership, said Trump is “doing what he has every right to do.” But, he acknowledged, “there is concern, and there’s concern across the country. People are watching the markets.”

“There’ll be a discussion in the Senate,” Barrasso said of the tariffs. “We’ll see which way the discussion goes.”

Trump’s government cost-cutting guru, billionaire businessman Elon Musk, had been relatively silent on Trump’s tariffs, but said at a weekend event in Italy that he would like to see the U.S. and Europe move to “a zero-tariff situation.” The comment from the Tesla owner who leads Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency drew a rebuke from White House trade adviser Peter Navarro.

“Elon, when he is on his DOGE lane, is great. But we understand what’s going on here. We just have to understand. Elon sells cars,” Navarro said. He added: “He’s simply protecting his own interest as any business person would do.”

Trump indicated he disagreed with Musk, saying Sunday of the European Union, “They want to talk, but there’s no talk unless they pay us a lot of money on a yearly basis.”

Lawrence Summers, an economist who was treasury secretary under Democratic President Bill Clinton, said Trump and his economic team are sending contradictory messages if they say they are interested in reviving manufacturing while still being open to negotiating with trade partners.

If other countries eliminate their tariffs, and the U.S, does, too, he said, “it’s just making a deal, then we don’t raise any revenue nor do we get any businesses to relocate to the United States. If it’s a permanent revenue source and trying to get businesses to relocate to the United States, then we’re going to have these tariffs permanently. So the president can’t have it both ways.”

Bessent was on NBC’s “Meet the Press,” Hassett and Summers appeared on ABC’s “This Week,” Lutnick and Barrasso were on CBS’ “Face the Nation” and Navarro was interviewed on Fox News Channel’s “Sunday Morning Futures.”

Gomez Licon reported from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Associated Press writer Giada Zampano in Rome contributed to this report.