【中美创新时报2024 年 9 月 25 日编译讯】（记者温友平编译）唐纳德·特朗普周二承诺阻止美国企业将工作岗位转移到海外，并通过严重依赖全面关税来促进汽车制造业，从而夺走其他国家的就业岗位和工厂——尽管有警告称国内消费者将支付更多费用，而且他的计划如何实施缺乏具体细节。对此，美联社记者阿德里安娜·戈麦斯·利康（ADRIANA GOMEZ LICON ）作了下述报道。
“我希望德国汽车公司成为美国汽车公司。我希望他们在这里建厂，”特朗普在萨凡纳的一次演讲中宣称。
特朗普还表示，如果当选，他将对从墨西哥进口的每辆汽车征收 100% 的关税，而避免这些关税的唯一方法是汽车制造商在美国生产汽车。
如果特朗普的想法得以实施，可能会给美国汽车业带来巨大动荡。许多汽车制造商现在在墨西哥生产较小、价格较低的汽车（这是特朗普在任总统期间重新谈判的一项贸易协定促成的）或在其他国家生产，因为它们的利润率很低。较低的劳动力成本有助于这些公司通过这些汽车赚钱。
德国和其他外国汽车制造商已经在美国拥有广泛的制造业务，许多汽车制造商现在在美国生产的汽车比出口的还多。例如，宝马在南卡罗来纳州拥有一个占地 800 万平方英尺的园区，雇用了 11,000 名员工，每天为美国和 120 个出口市场生产超过 1,500 辆 SUV。梅赛德斯和大众也在这里设有大型工厂。
Guidehouse Insights 首席研究分析师 Sam Abuelsamid 表示，如果德国汽车制造商要增加在美国的生产，他们很可能不得不从德国的工厂采购，而德国工厂的产能将低于其产能，效率也会降低。
“这毫无意义，”他说。
特朗普一直试图向副总统卡马拉·哈里斯施压，要求她关注经济问题，并提议对进口产品征收关税和其他措施来提振美国工业——尽管经济学家警告称，美国消费者将承担关税和特朗普其他提议的成本，比如发起美国历史上最大规模的驱逐行动。
这位前总统在关键摇摆州佐治亚州发表演讲时提出了一系列经济建议，承诺设立一位特别大使，帮助吸引外国制造商进入美国，并通过提供联邦土地使用权进一步吸引他们。
此外，他还呼吁将美国企业税率从 21% 降至 15%，但仅限于在美国生产的公司。民主党候选人哈里斯希望将企业税率提高到 28%。 2017 年特朗普就任总统时，该比例为 35%，后来他签署了降低该比例的法案。
“我们把美国放在第一位，”特朗普说。“这种新的美国工业主义将创造数以百万计的就业机会。”
特朗普建议取消一些环境法规以促进能源生产，称美国“拥有石油，拥有天然气。我们拥有一切。我们唯一缺少的是聪明的人来领导我们的国家。”
周二的一系列经济提案引发了很多问题，但这位前总统尚未就他的想法给出具体答案，这可能会对其影响和成本产生重大影响。例如，他没有具体说明他针对美国的企业减税政策是否适用于在国内通过进口产品组装产品的公司。
特朗普还建议利用新任命的特使和他自己的个人努力来招募外国公司。但他在白宫吸引外国投资的记录不佳。在一个臭名昭著的案例中，特朗普承诺台湾电子巨头富士康在威斯康星州投资 100 亿美元，可能创造 13,000 个新工作岗位，但该公司从未兑现承诺。
与此同时，他呼吁提供联邦土地，这可能会与土地管理局对寻求租赁土地的外国实体的限制相冲突。鉴于特朗普长期以来指责中国正在损害美国企业，目前还不清楚中国公司是否会被排除在外。
共和党总统候选人在萨凡纳公布了他的计划，萨凡纳拥有全美最繁忙的集装箱货运港口之一。这是他与共和党人布莱恩·坎普的争执在上个月结束以来的首次访问，这位受欢迎的佐治亚州州长最终支持特朗普。
但坎普没有参加特朗普的集会，而是在周二与共和党参议员候选人戴维·麦考密克一起在宾夕法尼亚州竞选。
一些共和党人表示，他们担心，自拜登总统放弃连任努力后，哈里斯开始竞选总统两个月来，佐治亚州的政治竞争变得更加激烈。
佐治亚州副州长伯特·琼斯抨击哈里斯称特朗普是对民主的威胁。琼斯是一名假选举人，并错误地证明特朗普赢得了 2020 年大选，而他实际上输给了拜登。然而，一名特别检察官拒绝就此事对琼斯提起刑事指控。
43 岁的希瑟·马西斯带着她 11 岁的女儿参加了周二的活动，她说坎普“做得很好”。她说，她认为州长和特朗普之间的任何问题都不会损害这位前总统在佐治亚州的机会。
“许多人都有性格差异。这并不代表他们中的任何一个人不好，”马西斯说。“也许他们只是相处不来，这没关系。”
题图：前总统唐纳德·特朗普周二在佐治亚州萨凡纳的 Johnny Mercer 剧院市民中心谈论税法和制造业。Evan Vucci/美联社
附原英文报道：
Trump calls for 100 percent tariffs on cars made in Mexico as part of US manufacturing plan
By ADRIANA GOMEZ LICON The Associated Press,Updated September 24, 2024
Former president Donald Trump speaks about the tax code and manufacturing at the Johnny Mercer Theatre Civic Center, Tuesday, in Savannah, Ga.Evan Vucci/Associated Press
SAVANNAH, Ga. — Donald Trump on Tuesday pledged to stop American businesses from shipping jobs overseas and to take other countries’ jobs and factories by relying heavily on sweeping tariffs to boost auto manufacturing — despite warnings that domestic consumers would pay more and a lack of specifics about how his plans would work.
“I want German car companies to become American car companies. I want them to build their plants here,” Trump declared during a speech in Savannah.
Trump added that, if elected, he’d put a 100 percent tariff on every car imported from Mexico and that the only way to avoid those charges would be for an automaker to build the cars in the United States.
His ideas, if enacted, could cause a huge upheaval in the American auto industry. Many automakers now build smaller, lower-priced vehicles in Mexico — facilitated by a trade agreement Trump renegotiated while president — or in other countries because their profit margins are slim. The lower labor costs help the companies make money on those vehicles.
German and other foreign automakers already have extensive manufacturing operations in the United States, and many now build more vehicles here than they send. BMW, for instance, has an 8 million-square-foot campus in South Carolina that employs 11,000 people building more than 1,500 SUVs per day for the US and 120 export markets. Mercedes and Volkswagen also have large factories here.
If German automakers were to increase production here, they likely would have to take it from factories in Germany, which then would run below their capacity and be less efficient, said Sam Abuelsamid, principal research analyst for Guidehouse Insights.
“It makes no sense,” he said.
Trump has sought to press Vice President Kamala Harris on the economy and has proposed using tariffs on imports and other measures to boost American industry — even as economists have cautioned that US consumers would bear the costs of tariffs and other Trump proposals like staging the largest deportation operation in US history.
The former president laid out a broad array of economic proposals during a speech in the key swing state of Georgia, promising to create a special ambassador to help lure foreign manufacturers to the United States and further entice them by offering access to federal land.
Additionally, he called for lowering the US corporate tax rate from 21 percent to 15 percent, but only for companies that produce in the United States. Harris, the Democratic nominee, wants to raise the corporate tax rate to 28 percent. It had been 35 percent when Trump became president in 2017, and he later signed legislation lowering it.
“We’re putting America first,” Trump said. “This new American industrialism will create millions and millions of jobs.”
And Trump suggested wiping away some environmental regulations to boost energy production, saying America has “got the oil, it’s got the gas. We have everything. The only thing we don’t have is smart people leading our country.”
Tuesday’s series of economic proposals raised a lot of questions, but the former president hasn’t given specific answers on his ideas, which could substantially affect their impact and how much they cost. He has not specified, for example, whether his US-focused corporate tax cuts would apply to companies that assemble their products domestically out of imports.
Trump also suggested he use a newly created envoy, and his own personal efforts, to recruit foreign companies. But he had a spotty record in the White House of attracting foreign investment. In one infamous case, Trump promised a $10 billion investment by Taiwan-based electronics giant Foxconn in Wisconsin, creating potentially 13,000 new jobs, that the company never delivered.
His calls to offer federal land, meanwhile, might clash with Bureau of Land Management restrictions on foreign entities looking to lease lands. It also wasn’t clear whether companies from China would be excluded, given Trump’s longtime accusations that China is hurting American business.
The Republican presidential nominee unveiled his plan in Savannah, which has one of the busiest ports in the country for cargo shipped in containers. It was his first visit since his feud with Republican Brian Kemp, came to an end last month with the popular Georgia governor finally endorsing Trump.
But Kemp skipped Trump’s rally and instead was campaigning Tuesday in Pennsylvania with Republican Senate candidate David McCormick.
Some Republicans have said they fear Georgia has gotten more politically competitive in the two months since Harris launched her presidential bid after President Biden abandoned his reelection efforts.
Georgia Lieutenant Governor Burt Jones assailed Harris for calling Trump a threat to democracy. Jones served as a fake elector and falsely attested that Trump won the 2020 election he actually lost to Biden. A special prosecutor, however, declined to move forward with criminal charges against Jones in the matter.
Heather Mathis, 43, came to Tuesday’s event with her 11-year-old daughter and said Kemp had done “a fine job.” She said she didn’t think any problems between the governor and Trump would harm the former president’s Georgia chances.
“Many people have personality differences. It doesn’t make any of them bad,” Mathis said. “Maybe they just don’t get along, and that’s OK.”
